School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Australia.
Analyst. 2020 Mar 21;145(6):2038-2057. doi: 10.1039/c9an02263e. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
Ovarian cancer is the most aggressive of all gynaecological malignancies and is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Over the recent years, there has been a sharp increase in this mortality rate, mostly due to late diagnosis, which can be attributed to the lack of an early and specific biomarker. Under this scenario, recent interest has shifted towards ovarian cancer associated miRNAs which play strong regulatory roles in various cellular processes. miRNAs have emerged as promising non/minimally invasive cancer biomarkers for improved diagnostic, prognostic and streamlined therapeutic applications. A large number of miRNA assays have been reported that are based on nucleic acid detection-based techniques such as RT-qPCR, microarrays and RNA sequencing methods. Despite demonstrating commendable analytical performances, these laboratory-based techniques are expensive and hence not ideally suited for routine use in resource-limited settings. In recent years, considerable attention has been dedicated to the development of relatively simple, rapid and inexpensive miRNA biosensor strategies. Among these, electrochemical sensors have shown a great promise towards point-of-care diagnostics, due to their inherent advantages such as simplicity, sensitivity, amenability to high levels of multiplexing as well as low cost. In this paper, we provide an overview of the potential role of miRNAs in ovarian cancer, as well as recent advances in the development of nanotechnology-based, optical, and electrochemical biosensing-strategies for miRNA detection.
卵巢癌是所有妇科恶性肿瘤中最具侵袭性的一种，也是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。近年来，死亡率急剧上升，主要原因是诊断较晚，这归因于缺乏早期和特定的生物标志物。在这种情况下，最近人们对卵巢癌相关的 miRNA 产生了兴趣，这些 miRNA 在各种细胞过程中发挥着强大的调控作用。miRNA 已成为有前途的非/微创癌症生物标志物，可用于改善诊断、预后和简化治疗应用。已经报道了大量基于核酸检测的 miRNA 检测方法，如 RT-qPCR、微阵列和 RNA 测序方法。尽管这些实验室技术表现出了令人称赞的分析性能，但它们昂贵，因此不适合在资源有限的环境中常规使用。近年来，人们对开发相对简单、快速和廉价的 miRNA 生物传感器策略给予了极大的关注。在这些方法中，电化学传感器由于其固有的优势，如简单性、灵敏度、易于实现高水平的多重检测以及低成本，在即时护理诊断方面显示出了巨大的潜力。本文综述了 miRNA 在卵巢癌中的潜在作用，以及基于纳米技术的、光学的和电化学的 miRNA 检测生物传感策略的最新进展。
