Nutrition Department, UNICEF Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Family Welfare Division, Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Matern Child Nutr. 2022 Jan;18 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):e12945. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12945. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
Nepal is located in what was once known as the Himalayan Goitre Belt and once had one of the highest prevalence's of iodine deficiency disorders in the world. However, through a well-executed universal salt iodization program implemented over the past 25 years, it has achieved optimal iodine intake for its population, effectively eliminating the adverse consequences of iodine deficiency disorders. A comprehensive review of policy and legislation, surveys, and program reports was undertaken to examine the key elements contributing to the success of this program. The paper reviews the origins and maturation of salt iodization in Nepal, as well as trends in the coverage of iodized salt, the iodine content in salt, and population iodine status over the past two decades. The paper describes critical components of the program including advocacy efforts, trade issues with India, the role of the Salt Trading Corporation, monitoring, and periodic program reviews. The paper discusses the recent findings from the 2016 national micronutrient survey demonstrating the success of the salt iodization program and describes emerging challenges facing the program in the future.
尼泊尔位于曾经被称为喜马拉雅甲状腺肿带的地区，曾经是世界上碘缺乏症流行率最高的国家之一。然而，通过过去 25 年实施的一项执行良好的全民食盐碘化计划，尼泊尔实现了其人口的最佳碘摄入量，有效消除了碘缺乏症的不良后果。本文对政策和立法、调查以及规划报告进行了全面审查，以研究促成该规划成功的关键因素。本文回顾了尼泊尔食盐碘化的起源和发展，以及过去二十年来碘盐覆盖率、盐中碘含量和人群碘状况的变化趋势。本文介绍了规划的关键组成部分，包括宣传工作、与印度的贸易问题、盐贸易公司的作用、监测以及定期规划审查。本文还讨论了 2016 年全国微量营养素调查的最新结果，该结果证明了食盐碘化规划的成功，并描述了该规划未来面临的新挑战。
