Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A2, Canada.
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A2, Canada.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Apr 15;713:135116. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135116. Epub 2019 Nov 21.
Parabens are group of widely used preservative agents in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. They are estrogenic and anti-androgenic, and thus have the potential to alter the hormonal regulation of energy metabolism, and in turn affect obesity and metabolic health. Compared to obesity alone, having metabolic syndrome (a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors) further increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. We examined whether exposure to parabens was associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome or its components among Canadians.
Methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl paraben concentrations were measured in the urine of 2,564 individuals participating in Cycle 4 (2014-2015) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey, a national biomonitoring survey. We assessed associations between specific gravity-corrected log10-transformed paraben concentrations and obesity, metabolic syndrome and its components (waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure) via Poisson regression with robust variance estimators for binary outcomes and via linear regression for outcomes expressed continuously. We stratified analyses by age (children aged 3 to 17 years vs. adults aged 18 years and older) and investigated the presence of effect modification by sex.
A 10-fold increase in propyl paraben concentration was associated with a 40% (95% CI: 3, 90) higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome among men, while ethyl paraben was associated with a 63% (95% CI: 2, 86) lower prevalence among women. Among women, methyl paraben was inversely associated with obesity, and methyl, propyl and ethyl parabens were associated with higher high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. No associations were observed among children.
This is the first study to report a positive association between parabens and metabolic syndrome in men. Protective associations among women previously reported for obesity were also observed for metabolic syndrome and HDL cholesterol. These results should be confirmed in longitudinal studies.
对羟基苯甲酸酯是化妆品、食品和制药行业中广泛使用的防腐剂。它们具有雌激素和抗雄激素作用，因此有可能改变能量代谢的激素调节，从而影响肥胖和代谢健康。与肥胖症相比，患有代谢综合征（一组心血管代谢危险因素）会进一步增加患心血管疾病、糖尿病和某些癌症的风险。我们研究了加拿大人群中对羟基苯甲酸酯的暴露是否与肥胖症、代谢综合征或其成分有关。
在参加加拿大健康测量调查（一项全国性生物监测调查）第四轮（2014-2015 年）的 2564 名个体的尿液中测量了甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯的浓度。我们通过泊松回归和稳健方差估计器，评估了特定比重校正后的对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度与肥胖症、代谢综合征及其成分（腰围、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖和血压）之间的关联，其中结果以二项结局表示，而结果以连续表示则采用线性回归。我们按年龄（3 至 17 岁的儿童与 18 岁及以上的成年人）进行分层分析，并研究了性别对效应修饰的存在情况。
丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度增加 10 倍与男性代谢综合征的患病率增加 40%（95%CI：3，90）相关，而乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯与女性代谢综合征的患病率降低 63%（95%CI：2，86）相关。在女性中，甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯与肥胖呈负相关，而甲基、丙基和乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯与高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇升高有关。在儿童中没有观察到关联。
这是第一项报告对羟基苯甲酸酯与男性代谢综合征之间存在正相关的研究。先前报道的女性中与肥胖相关的保护关联也见于代谢综合征和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。这些结果应在纵向研究中得到证实。
