Wang Da, Shi Xiaoqin, Liu Deguang, Yang Yujing, Shang Zheming
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Insects. 2020 Jan 30;11(2):90. doi: 10.3390/insects11020090.
Using host plant resistance (HPR) in management of insect pests is often environmentally friendly and suitable for sustainable development of agricultural industries. However, this strategy can be limited by rapid evolution of insect populations that overcome HPR, for which the underlying molecular factors and mechanisms are not well understood. To address this issue, we analyzed transcriptomes of two distinct biotypes of the grain aphid, (Fabricius), on wheat and barley. This analysis revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between biotypes 1 and 3 on wheat and barley. The majority of them were common DEGs occurring on both wheat and barley. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses for these common DEGs demonstrated significant expression divergence between both biotypes in genes associated with digestion and defense. Top defense-related common DEGs with the most significant expression changes included three peroxidases, two UGTs (UDP-glycosyltransferase), two cuticle proteins, one glutathione S-transferases (GST), one superoxide dismutase, and one esterase, suggesting their potentially critical roles in the divergence of biotypes. A relatively high number of specific DEGs on wheat were identified for peroxidases (9) and P450s (8), indicating that phenolic compounds and hydroxamic acids may play key roles in resistance of wheat against . Enrichment of specific DEGs on barley for P450s and ABC transporters suggested their key roles in this aphid's detoxification against secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids) in barley. Our results can provide insights into the molecular factors and functions that explain biotype adaptation in insects and their use of resistant plants. This study also has significant implications for developing new resistant cultivars, developing strategies that limit rapid development of insect biotypes, and extending resistant crop cultivars' durability and sustainability in integrated management programs.
利用寄主植物抗性（HPR）来防治害虫通常对环境友好，且适合农业产业的可持续发展。然而，这种策略可能会受到害虫种群快速进化的限制，这些害虫能够克服寄主植物抗性，而其潜在的分子因素和机制尚未得到充分理解。为了解决这个问题，我们分析了麦长管蚜（Fabricius）两种不同生物型在小麦和大麦上的转录组。该分析揭示了小麦和大麦上生物型1和生物型3之间大量的差异表达基因（DEGs）。其中大多数是在小麦和大麦上都出现的共同差异表达基因。对这些共同差异表达基因进行的GO和KEGG富集分析表明，两种生物型在与消化和防御相关的基因中存在显著的表达差异。表达变化最显著的顶级防御相关共同差异表达基因包括三种过氧化物酶、两种UGT（尿苷二磷酸糖基转移酶）、两种表皮蛋白、一种谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）、一种超氧化物歧化酶和一种酯酶，这表明它们在麦长管蚜生物型分化中可能起着关键作用。在小麦上鉴定出相对较多的过氧化物酶（9个）和P450s（8个）特异性差异表达基因，表明酚类化合物和异羟肟酸可能在小麦对麦长管蚜的抗性中起关键作用。大麦上P450s和ABC转运蛋白的特异性差异表达基因富集表明它们在该蚜虫对大麦次生代谢物（如生物碱）的解毒中起关键作用。我们的结果可以为解释昆虫生物型适应性及其对抗性植物利用的分子因素和功能提供见解。这项研究对于开发新的抗性品种、制定限制昆虫生物型快速进化的策略以及在综合管理计划中延长抗性作物品种的耐久性和可持续性也具有重要意义。
