卫生发展援助与中东和北非地区
Development assistance for health and the Middle East and North Africa.
机构信息
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
出版信息
Global Health. 2020 Feb 4;16(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-0545-z.
BACKGROUND
Donor countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates (UAE) have been among the largest donors in the world. However, little is known about their contributions for health. In this study, we addressed this gap by estimating the amount of development assistance for health (DAH) contributed by MENA country donors from 2000 to 2017.
METHODS
We tracked DAH provided and received by the MENA region leveraging publicly available development assistance data in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) database of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), government agency reports and financial statements from key international development agencies. We generated estimates of DAH provided by the three largest donor countries in the MENA region (UAE, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia) and compared contributions to their relative gross domestic product (GDP) and government spending; We captured DAH contributions by other MENA country governments (Egypt, Iran, Qatar, Turkey, etc.) disbursed through multilateral agencies. Additionally, we compared DAH contributed from and provided to the MENA region.
RESULTS
In 2017, DAH contributed by the MENA region reached $514.8 million. While UAE ($220.1 million, 43.2%), Saudi Arabia ($177.3 million, 34.8%) and Kuwait ($59.8 million, 11.6%) as sources contributed the majority of DAH in 2017, 58.5% of total DAH from MENA was disbursed through their bilateral agencies, 12.0% through the World Health Organization (WHO) and 3.3% through other United Nations agencies. 44.8% of DAH contributions from MENA was directed to health system strengthening/sector-wide approaches. Relative to their GDP and government spending, DAH level fluctuated across 2000 to 2017 but UAE and Saudi Arabia indicated increasing trends. While considering all MENA countries as recipients, only 10.5% of DAH received by MENA countries were from MENA donors in 2017.
CONCLUSION
MENA country donors especially UAE, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait have been providing substantial amount of DAH, channeled through their bilateral agencies, WHO and other multilateral agencies, with a prioritized focus on health system strengthening. DAH from the MENA region has been increasing for the past decade and could lend itself to important contributions for the region and the globe.
背景
包括沙特阿拉伯、科威特和阿拉伯联合酋长国（阿联酋）在内的中东和北非（MENA）国家是世界上最大的捐助国之一。然而，人们对它们在卫生方面的贡献知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们通过估计 MENA 国家捐助者在 2000 年至 2017 年期间提供的卫生发展援助（DAH）金额来填补这一空白。
方法
我们利用经济合作与发展组织（OECD）发展援助委员会（DAC）数据库中的公开发展援助数据、政府机构报告以及来自主要国际发展机构的财务报表，跟踪了 MENA 地区提供和接收的 DAH。我们生成了 MENA 地区三个最大捐助国（阿联酋、科威特、沙特阿拉伯）提供的 DAH 估计数，并将其与相对国内生产总值（GDP）和政府支出进行了比较；我们还记录了通过多边机构支付的其他 MENA 国家政府（埃及、伊朗、卡塔尔、土耳其等）的 DAH 捐款。此外，我们还比较了 MENA 地区提供和接受的 DAH。
结果
2017 年，MENA 地区提供的 DAH 达到 5.148 亿美元。尽管阿联酋（2.201 亿美元，占 43.2%）、沙特阿拉伯（1.773 亿美元，占 34.8%）和科威特（5980 万美元，占 11.6%）作为来源在 2017 年贡献了大部分 DAH，但 MENA 地区的 DAH 有 58.5%通过其双边机构发放，12.0%通过世界卫生组织（WHO）发放，3.3%通过其他联合国机构发放。MENA 地区 44.8%的 DAH 捐款用于加强卫生系统/全部门办法。2000 年至 2017 年期间，MENA 国家的 DAH 水平波动不定，但阿联酋和沙特阿拉伯的趋势呈上升趋势。如果将所有 MENA 国家视为受援国，那么 2017 年 MENA 国家接受的 DAH 中只有 10.5%来自 MENA 捐助国。
结论
MENA 国家捐助者，特别是阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯和科威特，一直在通过其双边机构、世卫组织和其他多边机构提供大量 DAH，重点优先加强卫生系统。过去十年，MENA 地区的 DAH 一直在增加，这可能为该地区和全球做出重要贡献。
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