Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Exp Physiol. 2020 Apr;105(4):632-640. doi: 10.1113/EP088158. Epub 2020 Mar 16.
What is the central question of this study? What are the effects of work-matched continuous versus high-intensity interval training for 2 weeks on adiposopathy and cardiometabolic risk in obese adults with prediabetes? What is the main finding and its importance? Independent of intensity, short-term exercise improves adiposopathy and insulin sensitivity. While both exercise intensities reduced fasting leptin concentrations and metabolic syndrome severity, only interval training elevated total adiponectin. In contrast to previous work, neither condition altered high-molecular weight adiponectin. Collectively, these data suggest that short-term exercise can improve adipokine profiles, which may aid in reducing cardiometabolic risk prior to clinically meaningful weight loss in adults with prediabetes.
Individuals with prediabetes who are overweight and obese are at an increased risk of developing endocrine disruption of fat tissue, known as adiposopathy. While short-term exercise improves adipokine profiles, the effects of exercise intensity when matched for energy expenditure on adiposopathy are unknown. We hypothesized that high-intensity exercise would elicit greater changes in adiposopathy compared to moderate exercise. Twenty-eight overweight and obese adults (age: 60.9 ± 8.4 years; BMI: 33.0 ± 5.4 kg m ) with prediabetes were randomized to twelve 60-min sessions of either moderate-continuous (CONT; n = 14) or high-intensity interval (INT; n = 14) exercise training. Total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and leptin were collected to assess adiposopathy (ratio of total adiponectin to leptin; A/L). Insulin sensitivity (SI ) was determined using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test before and after training. Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured and a z-score was calculated to determine metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity. CONT and INT increased A/L (P < 0.01) and decreased leptin (P < 0.01) and MetS severity (P = 0.04). Neither intervention altered circulating levels of HMW adiponectin (P = 0.76) and only INT increased total adiponectin levels (P = 0.02). Both intensities increased insulin sensitivity (P < 0.01), which was associated with improvements in A/L (r = 0.47, P = 0.01). Additionally, increases in A/L tended to relate to decreased MetS severity (r = -0.36, P = 0.09). Short-term exercise intensity, when matched for energy expenditure, does not differentially affect improvements in adiposopathy in overweight and obese adults with prediabetes. Further, 12 bouts of exercise improved insulin sensitivity and MetS severity, suggesting that improving adipokine profiles may aid in reducing cardiometabolic risk.
本研究的核心问题是什么？对于患有前驱糖尿病的肥胖成年人，工作匹配的连续和高强度间歇训练持续 2 周对脂肪病和心脏代谢风险有何影响？主要发现及其重要性是什么？独立于强度，短期运动可改善脂肪病和胰岛素敏感性。虽然两种运动强度都降低了空腹瘦素浓度和代谢综合征严重程度，但只有间歇训练能提高总脂联素水平。与之前的研究不同，两种运动条件均未改变高分子量脂联素。总的来说，这些数据表明，短期运动可以改善脂肪细胞因子谱，这可能有助于减少前驱糖尿病成年人在临床意义上体重减轻之前的心脏代谢风险。
患有前驱糖尿病且超重和肥胖的个体患脂肪组织内分泌紊乱（称为脂肪病）的风险增加。虽然短期运动可以改善脂肪细胞因子谱，但当能量消耗相匹配时，运动强度对脂肪病的影响尚不清楚。我们假设高强度运动比中等强度运动引起更大的脂肪病变化。28 名患有前驱糖尿病的超重和肥胖成年人（年龄：60.9±8.4 岁；BMI：33.0±5.4kg·m ）被随机分为 12 次 60 分钟的中等连续（CONT；n=14）或高强度间歇（INT；n=14）运动训练。在训练前后采集总脂联素和高分子量（HMW）脂联素和瘦素，以评估脂肪病（总脂联素与瘦素的比值；A/L）。使用 75g 口服葡萄糖耐量试验测定胰岛素敏感性（SI）。测量心脏代谢风险因素并计算 z 评分以确定代谢综合征（MetS）严重程度。CONT 和 INT 均增加了 A/L（P<0.01）和降低了瘦素（P<0.01）和 MetS 严重程度（P=0.04）。两种干预措施均未改变循环 HMW 脂联素水平（P=0.76），只有 INT 增加了总脂联素水平（P=0.02）。两种强度均增加了胰岛素敏感性（P<0.01），这与 A/L 的改善相关（r=0.47，P=0.01）。此外，A/L 的增加与 MetS 严重程度的降低呈趋势相关（r=-0.36，P=0.09）。当能量消耗相匹配时，短期运动强度不会对超重和肥胖的前驱糖尿病成年人的脂肪病改善产生差异影响。此外，12 次运动可改善胰岛素敏感性和 MetS 严重程度，这表明改善脂肪细胞因子谱可能有助于降低心脏代谢风险。
