CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India.
J Biosci. 2020;45.
In order to improve crop plants in terms of their yield, drought resistance, pest resistance, nutritional value, etc., modern agriculture has relied upon plant genetic engineering. Since the advent of recombinant DNA technology, several tools have been used for genetic transformations in plants such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, virus-mediated gene transfer, direct gene transfer systems such as electroporation, particle gun, microinjection and chemical methods. All these traditional methods lack specificity and the transgenes are integrated at random sites in the plant DNA. Recently novel techniques for gene targeting have evolved such as engineered nucleases such as Zinc Finger Nucleases, Transcription Activator like effector nucleases, Clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats. Other advances include improvement in tools for delivery of gene editing components which include carrier proteins, and carbon nanotubes. The present review focuses on the latest techniques for target specific gene delivery in plants, their expression and future directions in plant biotechnology.
为了提高作物的产量、抗旱性、抗虫性、营养价值等，现代农业依赖于植物基因工程。自从重组 DNA 技术问世以来，已经有几种工具被用于植物的遗传转化，如根癌农杆菌、病毒介导的基因转移、电穿孔、粒子枪、微注射和化学方法等直接基因转移系统。所有这些传统方法都缺乏特异性，转基因随机整合到植物 DNA 的靶位点上。最近，基因靶向的新技术如锌指核酸酶、转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶、成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列等已经发展起来。其他进展包括改进了基因编辑组件的传递工具，包括载体蛋白和碳纳米管。本综述重点介绍了植物中靶特异性基因传递的最新技术、它们的表达以及在植物生物技术中的未来方向。
