Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
The Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Diagn Cytopathol. 2021 May;49(5):640-646. doi: 10.1002/dc.24392. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
Serous effusions constitute a significant part of the material processed and diagnosed by cytopathology laboratories. Effusions may occur in a variety of clinical settings and the differential diagnosis between these conditions often requires ancillary tests. Immunohistochemistry is still the most frequently used method in this context. However, a wide array of other methods measuring the expression of DNA, mRNA, noncoding RNA, proteins, and other compounds may be applied to the diagnosis of serous effusions, particularly in the setting of cancer, as well as to studies focusing on tumor biology and understanding of tumor progression. In addition, as serous effusions provide ideal material for molecular testing, they have in recent years assumed central role as specimens informative of prediction in the context of targeted therapy, as well as prognostication. This review discusses recent studies in this field.
浆膜腔积液是细胞病理学实验室处理和诊断的重要内容。积液可发生于多种临床情况下，这些情况下的鉴别诊断通常需要辅助检查。免疫组织化学仍然是这种情况下最常使用的方法。然而，广泛的其他方法可用于测量 DNA、mRNA、非编码 RNA、蛋白质和其他化合物的表达，特别是在癌症的情况下，也可用于肿瘤生物学研究和肿瘤进展的理解。此外，由于浆膜腔积液为分子检测提供了理想的材料，近年来，它们在靶向治疗背景下的预测信息以及预后方面作为标本发挥了核心作用。这篇综述讨论了该领域的最新研究。
