Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
Cells. 2020 Feb 2;9(2):345. doi: 10.3390/cells9020345.
New players in plant signaling are described in detail in this review: extracellular ATP (eATP) and uncommon nucleotides such as dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpN's), adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate (NH-pA), and extracellular NAD and NADP (eNAD(P)). Recent molecular, physiological, and biochemical evidence implicating concurrently the signaling role of eATP, NpN's, and NH-pA in plant biology and the mechanistic events in which they are involved are discussed. Numerous studies have shown that they are often universal signaling messengers, which trigger a signaling cascade in similar reactions and processes among different kingdoms. We also present here, not described elsewhere, a working model of the NpN' and NH-pA signaling network in a plant cell where these nucleotides trigger induction of the phenylpropanoid and the isochorismic acid pathways yielding metabolites protecting the plant against various types of stresses. Through these signals, the plant responds to environmental stimuli by intensifying the production of various compounds, such as anthocyanins, lignin, stilbenes, and salicylic acid. Still, more research needs to be performed to identify signaling networks that involve uncommon nucleotides, followed by omic experiments to define network elements and processes that are controlled by these signals.
细胞外 ATP（eATP）和不常见核苷酸，如二核苷酸多磷酸盐（NpN's）、腺苷 5'-磷酸酰胺（NH-pA）以及细胞外 NAD 和 NADP（eNAD(P)）。本文讨论了最近的分子、生理和生化证据，这些证据暗示了 eATP、NpN's 和 NH-pA 在植物生物学中的信号作用，以及它们所涉及的机制事件。许多研究表明，它们通常是通用的信号信使，在不同生物界的相似反应和过程中触发信号级联。我们还在这里提出了一个 NpN'和 NH-pA 信号网络的工作模型，在这个模型中，这些核苷酸触发了苯丙烷和异柠檬酸途径的诱导，产生代谢物，保护植物免受各种类型的胁迫。通过这些信号，植物对环境刺激做出反应，增强各种化合物的产生，如花青素、木质素、芪类和水杨酸。然而，仍需要进行更多的研究来识别涉及不常见核苷酸的信号网络，然后进行组学实验来定义受这些信号控制的网络元素和过程。
