Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2020 Jul;44(5):785-795. doi: 10.1002/jpen.1803. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
Monitoring whole body composition (fat mass and fat-free mass) in preterm infants may assist in optimizing nutrition and promoting growth and neurodevelopment in the neonatal intensive care unit. Currently, body composition assessment is not part of routine clinical evaluation of premature infants. Instead, weight and length are used to assess growth but are known to be poor predictors of adiposity shortly after birth. Although body composition methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging, stable-isotope dilution, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, have been examined in infants, they involve exposure to radiation and are invasive, expensive, and/or unsuitable for repeated measurements in a medically fragile population. Several body composition methods with potential for clinical use have been explored in premature infants, including air displacement plethysmography, bioimpedance, skinfold measurements, and ultrasound. In this review, we examine each method and evaluate its feasibility for incorporation into clinical care. Although these methods show promise for use in premature infants, further research is needed before they can be recommended for routine body composition assessment in the clinical setting.
监测早产儿的全身成分（脂肪量和去脂体重）可能有助于优化营养，促进新生儿重症监护病房的生长和神经发育。目前，身体成分评估并不是早产儿常规临床评估的一部分。相反，体重和身长用于评估生长，但已知它们在出生后不久对肥胖的预测能力很差。尽管已经在婴儿中检查了身体成分方法，如磁共振成像、稳定同位素稀释和双能 X 射线吸收法，但这些方法涉及辐射暴露，并且具有侵入性、昂贵和/或不适合在医疗脆弱人群中进行重复测量。已经在早产儿中探索了几种具有临床应用潜力的身体成分方法，包括空气置换体描记法、生物阻抗法、皮褶测量法和超声法。在这篇综述中，我们检查了每种方法，并评估了其在临床护理中应用的可行性。尽管这些方法在早产儿中显示出有应用前景，但在推荐将其用于临床常规身体成分评估之前，还需要进一步研究。
