Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany.
Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
Nutrients. 2020 Jan 21;12(2):288. doi: 10.3390/nu12020288.
To optimize infant nutrition, the nature of weight gain must be analyzed. This study aims to review publications and develop growth charts for fat and fat-free mass for preterm and term infants. Body composition data measured by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in preterm and term infants until six months corrected age were abstracted from publications (31 December 1990 to 30 April 2019). Age-specific percentiles were calculated. ADP measurements were used in 110 studies (2855 preterm and 22,410 term infants), and DXA was used in 28 studies (1147 preterm and 3542 term infants). At term age, preterm infants had higher percent-fat than term-born infants (16% vs. 11%, < 0.001). At 52 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), both reached similar percent-fat (24% vs. 25%). In contrast, at term age, preterm infants had less fat-free mass (2500 g vs. 2900 g) by 400 g. This difference decreased to 250 g by 52 weeks, and to 100 g at 60 weeks PMA (5000 g vs. 5100 g). DXA fat-free mass data were comparable with ADP. However, median percent-fat was up to 5% higher with DXA measurements compared with ADP with PMA > 50 weeks. There are methodological differences between ADP and DXA measures for infants with higher fat mass. The cause of higher fat mass in preterm infants at term age needs further investigation.
为了优化婴儿营养，必须分析体重增加的性质。本研究旨在回顾文献并为早产儿和足月儿的脂肪和去脂体重制定生长图表。从文献中提取了通过空气置换体描记法（ADP）和双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）测量的早产儿和足月儿直至校正年龄 6 个月的身体成分数据（1990 年 12 月 31 日至 2019 年 4 月 30 日）。计算了特定年龄的百分位数。ADP 测量用于 110 项研究（2855 名早产儿和 22410 名足月儿），DXA 用于 28 项研究（1147 名早产儿和 3542 名足月儿）。在足月儿年龄时，早产儿的体脂百分比高于足月儿（16%对 11%，<0.001）。在出生后 52 周（PMA）时，两者的体脂百分比相似（24%对 25%）。相比之下，在足月儿年龄时，早产儿的去脂体重少 400 克（2500 克对 2900 克）。这种差异在 52 周时缩小到 250 克，在 60 周 PMA 时缩小到 100 克（5000 克对 5100 克）。DXA 去脂体重数据与 ADP 相似。然而，与 ADP 相比，DXA 测量的 PMA > 50 周时体脂百分比中位数高 5%。对于脂肪量较高的婴儿，ADP 和 DXA 测量之间存在方法学差异。早产儿在足月儿年龄时体脂较高的原因需要进一步研究。
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