Rights and Justice Regional Deputy Director - International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region (IPPF/WHR), Caixa Postal 8011, Brasília, DF, 70094-971, Brazil.
Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Reprod Health. 2020 Feb 6;17(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s12978-020-0869-4.
In 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern due to Zika's association with microcephaly and other neurological disorders. Brazil was the epicenter of this epidemic and the most affected region has the lowest Human Development Index and the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy. Despite the end of the epidemic, Brazil continues to be the epicenter of Zika illness. This study examined the barriers faced by young women who seek sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care services living in affected areas and their attitudes towards SRH needs and the available services.
Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 young women, aged 14-24 years in three Zika affected municipalities in the Brazilian Northeast. This qualitative research used thematic analysis for data analysis.
Almost half (n = 10) of the participants had their first pregnancy during adolescence (from 12 to 19), all of which were unintended. Lack of information and barriers to access family planning were found to contribute to the unmet need for contraception. Participants reported knowledge gaps about contraception. Zika was not considered a health concern and participants were unaware of the possibility of Zika's sexual transmission.
The young women's knowledge and attitudes towards their SRH needs highlight the barriers to access care. It also implies that comprehensive, biopsychosocial and political, understanding is necessary in order to adequately provide SRH to this population and meet their needs. The government should place women at the center of any public health response to an emergency affecting women of reproductive age and focus on improving access to information and family planning services in a culturally and age appropriate manner.
2016 年，世界卫生组织宣布寨卡病毒引起的小头症和其他神经系统疾病构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。巴西是该疫情的中心，受影响最严重的地区人类发展指数最低，青少年怀孕率最高。尽管疫情已经结束，但巴西仍是寨卡病的中心。本研究调查了生活在受影响地区的年轻女性在寻求性健康和生殖健康（SRH）服务时所面临的障碍，以及她们对 SRH 需求和现有服务的态度。
在巴西东北部的三个寨卡疫区，对 22 名年龄在 14-24 岁的年轻女性进行了个人半结构式访谈。本研究采用主题分析对定性数据进行分析。
几乎一半（n=10）的参与者在青少年时期（12-19 岁）就有了第一次怀孕，且均为非意愿妊娠。缺乏信息和获取计划生育的障碍被认为是导致避孕需求未得到满足的原因。参与者报告称对避孕措施缺乏了解。寨卡病毒并未被视为健康问题，参与者也不知道寨卡病毒可能通过性传播。
年轻女性对其 SRH 需求的了解和态度突显了获取护理的障碍。这也意味着，为了向这一人群提供充分的 SRH 并满足其需求，需要全面、生物心理社会和政治方面的理解。政府应将妇女置于任何影响育龄妇女的公共卫生应急措施的核心，注重以文化和年龄适宜的方式改善信息获取和计划生育服务。
