Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
Ócsa Bird Ringing Station, Ócsa, Hungary.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2020 Mar;80(3):311-328. doi: 10.1007/s10493-019-00461-6. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
Hungary is situated in the southern part of Central Europe, next to the northern boundary of the Mediterranean region. This geographical position may allow the northward expansion of Mediterranean ixodid tick species into Hungary, particularly in the era of warming climate. During the past 14 years numerous surveys have been published on the species and activity of hard ticks occurring in the country. However, it was 60 years ago that the last comprehensive review of ixodid ticks of Hungary was published, and only in Hungarian language. The purpose of the present checklist is to provide a comprehensive and complete overview of the ixodid fauna of Hungary, based on tick reports published so far in Hungarian or English, also including hitherto unpublished data. Altogether 27 hard tick species were identified in Hungary, of which 21 can be regarded as indigenous. Most importantly, the autochthonous occurrence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was not known prior to 2005, but during the last 14 years increasing numbers of cases have been reported, attesting the emergence of this tick species in Hungary. Whereas R. sanguineus sensu lato was always associated with dogs and cats in Hungary, other tick species show differences in host associations according to habitat type, seasonal activity and questing height. Changes in the distribution, abundance and seasonality of a few tick species were also noted.
匈牙利位于欧洲中部的南部，毗邻地中海地区的北部边界。这种地理位置可能允许地中海硬蜱物种向北扩展到匈牙利，特别是在气候变暖的时代。在过去的 14 年中，已经发表了许多关于该国发生的硬蜱物种和活动的调查。然而，直到 60 年前，最后一次关于匈牙利的硬蜱的全面综述才出版，而且仅以匈牙利语出版。本清单的目的是根据迄今为止在匈牙利语或英语发表的蜱报告，包括迄今未发表的数据，全面完整地概述匈牙利的硬蜱动物群。总共在匈牙利鉴定出 27 种硬蜱，其中 21 种可被视为土生土长的。最重要的是，直到 2005 年才知道莱姆病传播媒介钝缘蜱的地方性发生，但在过去的 14 年中，报告的病例数量不断增加，证明了这种蜱在匈牙利的出现。虽然在匈牙利，莱姆病传播媒介钝缘蜱始终与狗和猫有关，但其他蜱种根据栖息地类型、季节性活动和搜索高度显示出宿主关联的差异。一些蜱种的分布、丰度和季节性也发生了变化。
