Institute of Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 345, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 345, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2020 May;151:80-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.02.002. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
Alterations in neural systems underlying cognitive control are well-documented across individuals with various internalizing disorders. The current study examined how individual differences in underlying traits related to internalizing disorders influence brain activation, as assessed by fMRI, when cognitive control must be exerted to make a decision about the emotional valence (positive, negative) of a task-relevant word displayed concurrently with a task-irrelevant emotional face. Taking a bi-factor model approach, fifty-five middle-aged female participants were characterized on symptom level on a common internalizing latent factor representing shared symptoms across anxiety and depression, as well as on specific factors remaining after taking the common internalizing factor into account: low positive affect, anxious arousal, and anxious apprehension. Contrasting activation on trials requiring higher vs. lower control revealed that higher levels of the Common Internalizing factor are associated with less deactivation of regions of the default mode network. Higher levels of the Low Positive Affect-specific factor are associated with less differentiation in engagement of portions of the fronto-parietal control network, while higher levels of the Anxious Arousal-specific factor are associated with less of a differentiation in activation of the thalamus. No effects were observed for level of the Anxious Apprehension-specific factor. These results suggest that prior findings of alterations in default mode activity associated with depression may not be specific to depressive symptoms per se but may characterize internalizing symptoms more generally. In addition, they suggest that reduced engagement of cognitive control regions may be more associated with low positive affect than depressive symptoms more generally.
在具有各种内化障碍的个体中，认知控制基础的神经系统的改变得到了充分的记录。本研究通过 fMRI 评估，考察了与内化障碍相关的潜在特质的个体差异如何影响大脑激活，当必须进行认知控制以对与任务相关的单词的情绪效价（积极、消极）做出决策时，该单词与任务无关的情绪面孔同时显示。采用双因素模型方法，对 55 名中年女性参与者进行了特征描述，她们在常见的内化潜在因素上表现出症状水平，该因素代表焦虑和抑郁共有的症状，以及在考虑常见内化因素后仍存在的特定因素：低积极情绪、焦虑唤醒和焦虑忧虑。对比需要更高和更低控制的试验中的激活发现，更高水平的共同内化因素与默认模式网络区域的去激活减少有关。更高水平的特定低积极情绪因素与前额顶叶控制网络部分参与的差异减少有关，而更高水平的特定焦虑唤醒因素与丘脑激活的差异减少有关。特定的焦虑忧虑因素水平没有观察到影响。这些结果表明，与抑郁相关的默认模式活动改变的先前发现可能不是特定于抑郁症状本身，而是更普遍地描述内化症状。此外，它们表明认知控制区域的参与减少可能与低积极情绪更相关，而不是与更普遍的抑郁症状相关。
