Pramuwidyatama M Gumilang, Indrawan Dikky, Saatkamp Helmut W, Hogeveen Henk
Business Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
School of Business and Management, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Feb 14;9:727006. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.727006. eCollection 2022.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 remains endemic in the Western Java smallholder broiler farms. This study aims to identify farmers and farm characteristics associated with farmers' motivations toward five different measures directed to HPAI: cleaning and disinfection (C&D), vaccination, reporting, and stamping-out with and without compensation. Through multi-stage sampling and a questionnaire, we collected data from 199 farmers in Western Java and applied descriptive analysis and logistic regression to evaluate the data. Most smallholder broiler farms had a production contract with a poultry company. Unexpectedly, we identified subtypes of price-contract (i.e., revenues based on contract selling price and live bird weight) and -contract (i.e., revenues based on management fee per bird) schemes. We identified these new subtypes as extended price-contract and extended contract schemes. These extended subtypes included issues related to animal health management and payment schemes. The results show that most of the farmers in both extended types were highly motivated to implement C&D and vaccination. Business types and farmers' awareness of HPAI were significantly associated with a farmer's motivation to implement C&D. Farmers who had an awareness of HPAI were more likely to implement C&D. Although our models were insufficient to model the association of farmers' motivation to uptake preventive measures against HPAI in Western Java, this study identified significant characteristics that help improve HPAI control policy in Western Java. Our study suggests that farm business types and incentives through payment schemes and training may increase the uptake of preventive measures by farmers.
高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5N1在西爪哇的小农户肉鸡养殖场仍然呈地方流行状态。本研究旨在确定与农民针对HPAI采取的五种不同措施（清洁与消毒（C&D）、疫苗接种、报告以及有无补偿的扑杀）的动机相关的农民和农场特征。通过多阶段抽样和问卷调查，我们收集了西爪哇199名农民的数据，并应用描述性分析和逻辑回归对数据进行评估。大多数小农户肉鸡养殖场与一家家禽公司签订了生产合同。出乎意料的是，我们确定了价格合同（即基于合同销售价格和活禽重量的收入）和合同（即基于每只禽管理费的收入）方案的子类型。我们将这些新的子类型确定为扩展价格合同和扩展合同方案。这些扩展子类型包括与动物健康管理和支付方案相关的问题。结果表明，两种扩展类型中的大多数农民都有很高的积极性实施清洁与消毒和疫苗接种。经营类型和农民对HPAI的认识与农民实施清洁与消毒的动机显著相关。了解HPAI的农民更有可能实施清洁与消毒。尽管我们的模型不足以模拟西爪哇农民采取预防HPAI措施的动机之间的关联，但本研究确定了有助于改善西爪哇HPAI控制政策的重要特征。我们的研究表明，农场经营类型以及通过支付方案和培训提供的激励措施可能会增加农民对预防措施的采用。
