Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, CEP, 09210-580, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Road Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Apr 1;192:110207. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110207. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
Many studies have been conducted on the evaluation and monitoring of micropollutants and by-products in wastewater treatment plants. Considering the increase in the production and consumption of emerging contaminants, such as drugs, personal care products, and plasticisers, it is necessary to conduct studies that support the elaboration of laws and regulations that promote the environmentally sustainable use of sludge and effluents. In this work, the biological degradation of amoxicillin was studied under two anaerobic conditions: i) using a 6 L reactor operated under semi-continuous flow; and ii) a batch system with 100 mL sealed glass syringes. According to the statistical analysis, amoxicillin was completely removed from the systems, but biogas production inhibition was observed (p < 0.05). Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis identified amoxicillin penicilloic acid, amoxilloic acid, amoxicillin diketopiperazine and phenol hydroxypyrazine as by-products under anaerobic conditions. Ecotoxicity tests on effluent treated under the batch conditions showed that the addition of higher amounts of amoxicillin inhibited the target species Aliivibrio fischeri and Raphidocelis subcaptata, causing functional decreases of 28.5% and 22.2% when the antibiotic concentration was 2500 μg L. A. fischeri was the most sensitive organism to effluent treated under semi-continuous flow conditions; a continuous reduction in bioluminescence of up to 88.8% was observed after 39 days of feeding, which was associated with by-products accumulation due to unbalanced conditions during anaerobic digestion. Changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of the effluent caused the accumulation and removal of AMX-DKP IV and modified the toxicity to Lactuca sativa and R. subcapitata.
许多研究都针对污水处理厂中微污染物和副产物的评估和监测进行了研究。考虑到新兴污染物（如药物、个人护理产品和增塑剂）的产量和消费量不断增加，有必要开展研究，为制定法律和法规提供支持，以促进污泥和废水的环境可持续利用。在这项工作中，研究了阿莫西林在两种厌氧条件下的生物降解：i）使用在半连续流下运行的 6 L 反应器；ii）使用 100 mL 密封玻璃注射器的批量系统。根据统计分析，阿莫西林从系统中完全去除，但观察到沼气产量抑制（p < 0.05）。液相色谱-高分辨率质谱分析在厌氧条件下鉴定出阿莫西林青霉素酸、氨甲酰基羟肟酸、阿莫西林二酮哌嗪和苯酚羟吡嗪作为副产物。在批量条件下处理后的废水的生态毒性测试表明，添加更高剂量的阿莫西林抑制了目标物种发光杆菌和近缘弯杆菌，当抗生素浓度为 2500μg/L 时，分别导致功能下降 28.5%和 22.2%。发光杆菌是对半连续流条件下处理后的废水最敏感的生物；在 39 天的喂养后，生物发光连续下降了 88.8%，这与由于厌氧消化过程中条件不平衡而导致的副产物积累有关。废水理化特性的变化导致 AMX-DKP IV 的积累和去除，并改变了对莴苣和近缘弯杆菌的毒性。
