Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
Biotechnol J. 2020 May;15(5):e1900225. doi: 10.1002/biot.201900225. Epub 2020 Feb 20.
Liquid biopsies serve as both powerful noninvasive diagnostic tools for early cancer screening and prognostic tools for monitoring cancer progression and treatment efficacy. Exosomes are promising biomarkers for liquid biopsies, since these nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) enrich proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs from cells of origin, including cancer cells. Although exosomes are abundantly present in various bodily fluids, conventional exosome isolation and detection methods that rely on benchtop equipment are time-consuming, expensive, and involve complicated non-portable procedures. As an alternative, recently developed microfluidic platforms can perform effective exosome separation and detection for liquid biopsies using a single device. Such methods offer advantages of integrity, speed, cost-efficiency, and portability over conventional benchtop and early microfluidic-based single-functional methods which can only separate or detect exosomes separately. These advances have made exosome-based point-of-care (POC) applications possible. This review outlines recent integrated microfluidic-based exosomal detection strategies to guide future development of such devices for use in liquid biopsies for early cancer screening, prognostic monitoring, and other potential POC applications.
液体活检既是癌症早期筛查的有力无创诊断工具，也是监测癌症进展和治疗效果的预后工具。外泌体是液体活检很有前途的生物标志物，因为这些纳米大小的细胞外囊泡 (EV) 富含来自起源细胞（包括癌细胞）的蛋白质、脂质、mRNA 和 miRNA。尽管外泌体在各种体液中大量存在，但传统的基于台式设备的外泌体分离和检测方法既耗时、昂贵，又涉及复杂的非便携程序。作为替代方案，最近开发的微流控平台可以使用单个设备对液体活检进行有效的外泌体分离和检测。与传统的基于台式设备和早期基于微流控的单一功能方法相比，这些方法在完整性、速度、成本效益和便携性方面具有优势，而早期基于微流控的单一功能方法只能分别分离或检测外泌体。这些进展使得基于外泌体的即时护理 (POC) 应用成为可能。本文概述了最近基于集成微流控的外泌体检测策略，以指导此类设备在液体活检中的未来发展，用于癌症早期筛查、预后监测和其他潜在的 POC 应用。
