Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), No. 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nutrients. 2020 Feb 5;12(2):414. doi: 10.3390/nu12020414.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Squalene (SQ), an intermediate for the cholesterol biosynthesis, has been proposed to act similarly to statins via inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in the liver.
This paper explores the effects of SQ in CVD.
A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify relevant studies about SQ and CVD. A comprehensive search in Medline and Scopus for relevant studies published between the years 1946 and 2019 was performed. The main inclusion criteria were that the study was published in English; that the study reported association or effect of SQ and CVD; and that CVD should be related to lifestyle variables, aging, or experimentally induced conditions.
The literature searches identified 5562 potentially relevant articles, whereby 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. There were three human studies and 18 animal experimental studies included in this paper. Only one human study reported positive outcome of SQ in CVD. The remaining two studies reported inconsistent and/or no effect. For animal studies, 15 studies reported positive effect while the remaining reported negative and/or no effect of SQ on various related parameters.
This evidence-based review emphasizes the potential of SQ being used for cardiovascular-related diseases. The effect of SQ, especially of plant-based warrants further exploration. Controlled human observational studies should be performed to provide comprehensive evidence.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球范围内的主要死亡原因。角鲨烯（SQ）是胆固醇生物合成的中间产物，据推测它通过抑制肝脏中的 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶 A（HMG-CoA）还原酶，发挥类似于他汀类药物的作用。
本文探讨了 SQ 在 CVD 中的作用。
对文献进行系统综述，以确定有关 SQ 和 CVD 的相关研究。在 Medline 和 Scopus 中进行了全面检索，以查找 1946 年至 2019 年期间发表的相关研究。主要纳入标准是：研究以英文发表；研究报告了 SQ 与 CVD 的关联或影响；CVD 应与生活方式变量、衰老或实验诱导条件有关。
文献检索确定了 5562 篇潜在相关文章，其中 21 篇符合纳入标准。本文纳入了 3 项人类研究和 18 项动物实验研究。只有一项人类研究报告了 SQ 在 CVD 中的阳性结果。其余两项研究报告了不一致和/或无影响。对于动物研究，15 项研究报告了 SQ 的阳性作用，而其余研究报告了 SQ 对各种相关参数的阴性和/或无作用。
基于证据的综述强调了 SQ 用于心血管相关疾病的潜力。SQ 的作用，特别是植物源性 SQ 的作用值得进一步探索。应进行对照的人类观察性研究，以提供全面的证据。
