Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Int J Law Psychiatry. 2020 Jan-Feb;68:101523. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2019.101523. Epub 2019 Nov 22.
More than 10 million people are imprisoned around the world, with many more who encounter the justice system. However, most studies examining the mental health burden in the justice system have examined only incarcerated individuals, with few looking at both criminal offending and victimization at the population-level. This study aimed to describe the population-level prevalence of mental disorders among the entirety of justice-involved individuals in a Canadian sample. The study was conducted using linked health and justice administrative data for all residents of Manitoba, Canada ages 18-64 between April 1, 2007 and March 31, 2012. All justice involvement (crime accusations and victimizations) and inpatient and outpatient mental disorder diagnoses (mood/anxiety, substance use, psychotic, personality disorders and suicidal behavior) were retrieved. Five-year age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of mental disorders and suicidal behaviour among those with any crime accusation and any victimization were compared to the general population of Manitoba. The study found that age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of any mental disorder was significantly higher among both adults accused of a crime and those victimized (38.9% and 38.6%, respectively) compared to the general population (26.1%). Rate ratios for specific mental disorders and suicidal behaviour were 1.4-3.6 among those accused of a crime, and 1.4-3.7 among those who were victims, compared to the general population. These findings highlight the need for urgent and expanded attention to this intersection of vulnerability. Victimization is especially an area of justice-related health that requires more attention.
全世界有超过 1000 万人被监禁，还有更多人遭遇司法系统。然而，大多数研究检查司法系统中的心理健康负担都只检查了被监禁的个人，很少有研究在人群层面上同时研究犯罪行为和受害情况。本研究旨在描述加拿大样本中所有涉及司法的个体中的精神障碍在人群中的普遍流行率。该研究使用了加拿大马尼托巴省所有年龄在 18 至 64 岁之间的居民在 2007 年 4 月 1 日至 2012 年 3 月 31 日期间的健康和司法行政数据进行链接。所有司法介入（犯罪指控和受害）以及住院和门诊精神障碍诊断（情绪/焦虑、物质使用、精神病、人格障碍和自杀行为）都被检索到。将任何犯罪指控和任何受害的个体中的五年年龄和性别调整的精神障碍和自杀行为的流行率与马尼托巴省的一般人群进行比较。研究发现，与一般人群相比，无论是被指控犯罪的成年人还是受害的成年人，任何精神障碍的年龄和性别调整流行率都明显更高（分别为 38.9%和 38.6%）。与一般人群相比，被指控犯罪的个体的特定精神障碍和自杀行为的比率比值为 1.4-3.6，受害的个体为 1.4-3.7。这些发现强调了需要紧急关注这个脆弱性交叉点。受害情况尤其是需要更多关注的与司法相关的健康领域。
