Center for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University-Tabriz Branch, Iran.
J Control Release. 2020 May 10;321:211-221. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.015. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
The treatment for brain disorders specifically neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) has been a main challenge in the medical field. NDDs are progressive, disabling, and non-curable disorders that exhibit not only critical health issues on human sufferings but also the economic burden on the medicare systems. Due to the lack of efficient therapies to fight NDDs, it remains a challenging problem for physicians to find out new therapeutics to enhance the life quality of patients suffering from NDDs. In addition to genetics and environmental risk factors, high cell level oxidative stress has been stated as one of the most known etiologies in NDDs. Given the high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials of naturally occurring bioactive compounds, they have been becoming interested therapeutics for brain disorders, which could provide ameliorating effects on different brain disorders. These substances can be involved in various neurodegeneration pathways to exhibit their health-promoting effects. Despite their health-promoting effects, they have a low bioavailability and poorly delivered into central nervous systems due to blood-central nervous system (CNS) barriers, which causes inefficient delivery of bioactives. A potential solution for tackling these obstacles lies in revolutionary nanoengineered platforms. Therefore, this review will focus on bioactive-loaded nanocarriers that can improve the efficiency of bioactive compounds including their blood circulation time, bioavailability, evade immune system, and transporting them to CNS to release their potential effects on treating and/or preventing neurodegeneration progress in NDDs.
针对大脑紊乱，特别是神经退行性疾病（NDD）的治疗一直是医学领域的主要挑战。NDD 是进行性、致残性和不可治愈的疾病，不仅对人类健康造成严重问题，还对医疗保险系统造成经济负担。由于缺乏有效的治疗方法来对抗 NDD，医生们仍然难以找到新的治疗方法来提高 NDD 患者的生活质量。除了遗传和环境风险因素外，高水平的细胞氧化应激已被确定为 NDD 的最常见病因之一。鉴于天然生物活性化合物具有很高的抗炎和抗氧化潜力，它们已成为治疗大脑疾病的热门药物，对各种大脑疾病具有改善作用。这些物质可以参与不同的神经退行性途径，发挥其促进健康的作用。尽管它们具有促进健康的作用，但由于血脑屏障，它们的生物利用度低，难以进入中枢神经系统，导致生物活性物质的输送效率低下。解决这些障碍的一个潜在方法在于革命性的纳米工程平台。因此，本综述将重点介绍载有生物活性物质的纳米载体，这些载体可以提高生物活性物质的效率，包括它们的血液循环时间、生物利用度、逃避免疫系统，并将它们运送到中枢神经系统，以发挥其在治疗和/或预防 NDD 神经退行性进展方面的潜力。
