Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2020 Nov;1865(11):158652. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158652. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
To better understand the potential function of carotenoids in the chemoprevention of cancers, mechanistic understanding of carotenoid action on genetic and epigenetic signaling pathways is critically needed for human studies. The use of appropriate animal models is the most justifiable approach to resolve mechanistic issues regarding protective effects of carotenoids at specific organs and tissue sites. While the initial impetus for studying the benefits of carotenoids in cancer prevention was their antioxidant capacity and pro-vitamin A activity, significant advances have been made in the understanding of the action of carotenoids with regards to other mechanisms. This review will focus on two common carotenoids, provitamin A carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin and non-provitamin A carotenoid lycopene, as promising chemopreventive agents or chemotherapeutic compounds against cancer development and progression. We reviewed animal studies demonstrating that β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene effectively prevent the development or progression of various cancers and the potential mechanisms involved. We highlight recent research that the biological functions of β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene are mediated, partially via their oxidative metabolites, through their effects on key molecular targeting events, such as NF-κB signaling pathway, RAR/PPARs signaling, SIRT1 signaling pathway, and p53 tumor suppressor pathways. The molecular targets by β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene, offer new opportunities to further our understanding of common and distinct mechanisms that involve carotenoids in cancer prevention. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
为了更好地理解类胡萝卜素在癌症化学预防中的潜在作用，迫切需要对类胡萝卜素在遗传和表观遗传信号通路中的作用机制有深入的了解，以便开展人类研究。使用适当的动物模型是解决类胡萝卜素在特定器官和组织部位的保护作用的机制问题的最合理方法。虽然最初研究类胡萝卜素在癌症预防中的益处是基于其抗氧化能力和维生素 A 前体活性，但在理解类胡萝卜素在其他机制方面的作用方面已经取得了重大进展。本综述将重点介绍两种常见的类胡萝卜素，维生素 A 前体类胡萝卜素β-隐黄质和非维生素 A 类胡萝卜素番茄红素，作为有前途的化学预防剂或化学治疗化合物，用于预防癌症的发生和发展。我们综述了动物研究，证明β-隐黄质和番茄红素能有效预防各种癌症的发生和发展，以及相关的潜在机制。我们强调了最近的研究结果，即β-隐黄质和番茄红素的生物学功能部分是通过其氧化代谢物介导的，通过它们对关键分子靶向事件的影响，如 NF-κB 信号通路、RAR/PPARs 信号通路、SIRT1 信号通路和 p53 肿瘤抑制途径。β-隐黄质和番茄红素的分子靶标为进一步了解涉及癌症预防的类胡萝卜素的常见和独特机制提供了新的机会。本文是由 Johannes von Lintig 和 Loredana Quadro 编辑的题为“类胡萝卜素：细胞和分子生物学的最新进展”的特刊的一部分。
