Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, China.
Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, China.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2020 Apr;150:83-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.02.003. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
This study aimed at examining how social distance modulates costly prosocial behaviors in the gain (i.e., helping another win a good outcome) and loss contexts (i.e., helping another avoid a bad outcome). To this end, participants were instructed to choose between two lotteries - One of the two lotteries was costly to their payment and always better than the other, which would result in the other person having a greater chance of ending up with more money - to give another person (a friend or a stranger) in the gain or loss context while electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded. The behavioral results demonstrated that in the gain context, participants tended to choose better lotteries to win money for friends than for strangers, whereas this effect of social distance was absent in the loss context. The event-related potential (ERP) results showed that in the gain context, a larger P3 was observed in response to prosocial decision-making for friends than for strangers, while the effect of social distance did not emerge in P3 under the loss context. These findings suggest that the modulation of social distance in prosocial behaviors under the gain and loss contexts is driven by different psychological mechanisms.
本研究旨在考察社会距离如何调节收益（即帮助他人获得好结果）和损失（即帮助他人避免坏结果）情境下的亲社会行为的代价。为此，参与者被要求在两个彩票之间做出选择——其中一个彩票会使他们的支付增加，而且总是比另一个好，这将使另一个人有更大的机会获得更多的钱——在收益或损失情境下将彩票赠送给另一个人（朋友或陌生人），同时记录脑电图（EEG）。行为结果表明，在收益情境中，参与者倾向于为朋友选择更好的彩票来赢得金钱，而不是为陌生人选择；而在损失情境中，这种社会距离的影响并不存在。事件相关电位（ERP）结果表明，在收益情境中，与为朋友做出亲社会决策相比，参与者对为朋友做出亲社会决策的反应中观察到更大的 P3，而在损失情境中，P3 中没有出现社会距离的影响。这些发现表明，收益和损失情境下亲社会行为中社会距离的调节是由不同的心理机制驱动的。
