UNAM School of Medicine Branch and Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, Mexico.
Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico.
Matern Child Nutr. 2020 Jul;16(3):e12972. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12972. Epub 2020 Feb 9.
Although the isolated effects of several specific nutrients have been examined, little is known about the relationship between overall maternal diet during pregnancy and fetal development and growth. This study evaluates the association between maternal diet and low birthweight (LBW) in 660 pregnant women from the Pregnancy Research on Inflammation, Nutrition,& City Environment: Systematic Analyses (PRINCESA) cohort in Mexico City. Using prior day dietary intake reported at multiple prenatal visits, diet was assessed prospectively using a priori (Maternal Diet Quality Score [MDQS]) and a posteriori (dietary patterns extracted by factor analysis) approaches. The association between maternal diet and LBW was investigated by logistic regression, controlling for confounders. Adherence to recommended guidelines (higher MDQS) was associated with a reduced risk of LBW (OR, 0.22; 95% confidence interval [0.06, 0.75], P < .05, N = 49) compared with the lowest adherence category (reference group), controlling for maternal age, education, height, marital status, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, energy intake, gestational weight gain, and preterm versus term birth; a posteriori dietary patterns were not associated with LBW risk. Higher adherence to MDQS was associated with a lower risk of having an LBW baby in this sample. Our results support the role of advocating a healthy overall diet, versus individual foods or nutrients, in preventing LBW.
虽然已经研究了几种特定营养素的单独作用，但对于孕妇在怀孕期间的整体饮食与胎儿发育和生长之间的关系知之甚少。本研究评估了墨西哥城妊娠炎症、营养和城市环境：系统分析（PRINCESA）队列中 660 名孕妇的母体饮食与低出生体重（LBW）之间的关系。通过多次产前访问报告的前一天饮食摄入量，使用事先（母体饮食质量评分 [MDQS]）和事后（通过因子分析提取的饮食模式）方法前瞻性评估饮食。通过逻辑回归，在控制混杂因素后，研究了母体饮食与 LBW 之间的关联。与最低依从类别（参考组）相比，与推荐指南（较高 MDQS）的依从性与 LBW 风险降低相关（OR，0.22；95%置信区间 [0.06，0.75]，P <.05，N = 49），控制了母体年龄、教育、身高、婚姻状况、孕前体重指数、生育次数、能量摄入、体重增加和早产与足月出生；事后饮食模式与 LBW 风险无关。在这个样本中，较高的 MDQS 依从性与较低的 LBW 婴儿风险相关。我们的结果支持倡导整体健康饮食，而不是单一食物或营养素，以预防 LBW 的作用。
