Comparison and Validation of Different Magnetic Force Microscopy Calibration Schemes.

The future of consumer electronics depends on the capability to reliably fabricate nanostructures with given physical properties. Therefore, techniques to characterize materials and devices with nanoscale resolution are crucial. Among these is magnetic force microscopy (MFM), which transduces the magnetic force between the sample and a magnetic oscillating probe into a phase shift, enabling the locally resolved study of magnetic field patterns down to 10 nm. Here, the progress done toward making quantitative MFM a common tool in nanocharacterization laboratories is shown. The reliability and ease of use of the calibration method based on a magnetic reference sample, with a calculable stray field, and a deconvolution algorithm is demonstrated. This is achieved by comparing two calibration approaches combined with numerical modeling as a quantitative link: measuring the probe's effect on the voltage signal when scanning above a nanosized graphene Hall sensor, and recording the MFM phase shift signal when the probe scans across magnetic fields produced by metallic microcoils. Furthermore, in the case of the deconvolution algorithm, it is shown how it can be applied using the open-source software package Gwyddion. The estimated magnetic dipole approximation for the most common probes currently in the market is also reported.