Britto Florian A, De Groote Estelle, Aranda Jaime, Bullock Loïc, Nielens Henri, Deldicque Louise
Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Finis Terrae University, Santiago, Chile.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2020 Apr;60(4):601-609. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10190-7. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
A light but regular combined training program is sufficient to improve health in obese adolescents. Hypoxia is known to potentiate the effects of a high intensity period of combined training on exercise performance and glucose metabolism in this population. Here, we tested the effects of a less intensive hypoxic combined training program on exercise performance and health-related markers in obese adolescents.
Fourteen adolescents volunteered to participate to a 30-week combined training protocol whether in normoxia (FiO2 21%, NE, N.=7) or in hypoxia (FiO2 15%, HE, N.=7). Once a week, adolescents exercised for 50-60min including 12min on a cycloergometer and strength training of the abdominal, quadriceps and biceps muscles.
Combined training reduced body mass (NE: -12%; HE: -8%), mainly due to a loss in fat mass (NE: -26%; HE: -15%), similarly in both the hypoxic and normoxic groups. After training, maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) (NE: +30%; HE: +25%,), maximal aerobic power (MAP) (NE: +20%; HE: +36%), work capacity and one-repetition maximum (1RM) for the quadriceps (NE: +26%; HE: +12%), abdominal (NE: +48%; HE: +36%) and biceps muscles (NE: +26%; HE: +16%) were increased similarly in both groups but insulin sensitivity markers were not modified.
Except for insulin sensitivity, 1h a week of combined training for 30 weeks improved morphological and health-related markers as well as exercise performance in obese adolescents in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. This is of particular importance for motivating those adolescents, who often are reluctant to exercise. Even a low dose of exercise per week can induce positive health outcomes.
轻度但规律的综合训练计划足以改善肥胖青少年的健康状况。已知低氧可增强高强度综合训练期对该人群运动表现和葡萄糖代谢的影响。在此，我们测试了强度较低的低氧综合训练计划对肥胖青少年运动表现和健康相关指标的影响。
14名青少年自愿参加为期30周的综合训练方案，分别处于常氧（吸入氧分数21%，NE组，n = 7）或低氧（吸入氧分数15%，HE组，n = 7）环境。青少年每周锻炼一次，时长50 - 60分钟，包括在测力计上锻炼12分钟以及对腹部、股四头肌和肱二头肌进行力量训练。
综合训练使体重减轻（NE组：-12%；HE组：-8%），主要是由于脂肪量减少（NE组：-26%；HE组：-15%），低氧组和常氧组情况相似。训练后，两组的最大耗氧量（VO2max）（NE组：+30%；HE组：+25%）、最大有氧功率（MAP）（NE组：+20%；HE组：+36%）、工作能力以及股四头肌（NE组：+26%；HE组：+12%）、腹部（NE组：+48%；HE组：+36%）和肱二头肌（NE组：+26%；HE组：+16%）的一次重复最大负荷（1RM）均有相似程度的增加，但胰岛素敏感性指标未改变。
除胰岛素敏感性外，为期30周、每周1小时的综合训练在常氧和低氧条件下均改善了肥胖青少年的形态和健康相关指标以及运动表现。这对于激励那些通常不愿锻炼的青少年尤为重要。即使每周进行少量运动也能带来积极的健康结果。
