Kim Na Yoon, Blake Sara, De Diba, Ouyang Jiang, Shi Jinjun, Kong Na
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.
Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jan 21;10:1573. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01573. eCollection 2019.
Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets are characterized by their ultra-thin structure which sets them apart from their bulk materials. Due to this unique 2D structure, they have a high surface-to-volume ratio that can be beneficial for the delivery of various drugs including therapeutic DNAs and RNAs. In addition, various 2D materials exhibit excellent photothermal conversion efficiency when exposed to the near infrared (NIR) light. Therefore, this 2D nanosheet-based photonic nanomedicine has been gaining tremendous attention as both gene delivering vehicles and photothermal agents, which create synergistic effects in the treatment of different diseases. In this review, we briefly provide an overview of the following two parts regarding this type of photonic nanomedicine: (1) mechanism and advantages of nanosheets in gene delivery and photothermal therapy, respectively. (2) mechanism of synergistic effects in nanosheet-mediated combined gene and photothermal therapies and their examples in a few representative nanosheets (e.g., graphene oxide, black phosphorus, and translational metal dichalcogenide). We also expect to provide some deep insights into the possible opportunities associated with the emerging 2D nanosheets for synergistic nanomedicine research.
二维（2D）纳米片的特点是其超薄结构，这使其有别于其块状材料。由于这种独特的二维结构，它们具有高的表面积与体积比，这对于包括治疗性DNA和RNA在内的各种药物的递送可能是有益的。此外，各种二维材料在近红外（NIR）光照射下表现出优异的光热转换效率。因此，这种基于二维纳米片的光子纳米药物作为基因递送载体和光热剂都受到了极大的关注，它们在不同疾病的治疗中产生协同效应。在这篇综述中，我们简要概述了关于这类光子纳米药物的以下两个部分：（1）纳米片在基因递送和光热疗法中的机制及优势。（2）纳米片介导的联合基因和光热疗法中协同效应的机制及其在一些代表性纳米片（如氧化石墨烯、黑磷和平移金属二硫化物）中的实例。我们还期望能对新兴二维纳米片在协同纳米医学研究方面的潜在机会提供一些深入见解。
