Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India.
Front Immunol. 2020 Jan 24;10:3081. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03081. eCollection 2019.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are short, endogenously initiated, non-coding RNAs that bind to target mRNAs, leading to the degradation or translational suppression of respective mRNAs. They have been reported as key players in physiological processes like differentiation, cellular proliferation, development, and apoptosis. They have gained importance as gene expression regulators in the immune system. They control antibody production and release various inflammatory mediators. Abnormal expression and functioning of miRNA in the immune system is linked to various diseases like inflammatory disorders, allergic diseases, cancers etc. As compared to the average human genome, miRNA targets the genes of immune system quite differently. miRNA appeared to regulate the responses related to both acquired and innate immunity of the humans. Several miRNAs importantly regulate the transcription and even, dysregulation of inflammation-related mediators. Many miRNAs are either upregulated or downregulated in various inflammatory and infectious diseases. Hence, modifying or targeting the expression of miRNAs might serve as a novel strategy for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of various inflammatory and infectious conditions.
微小 RNA（miRNAs，miRs）是短的、内源性起始的、非编码 RNA，可与靶 mRNA 结合，导致相应的 mRNA 降解或翻译抑制。它们已被报道为生理过程如分化、细胞增殖、发育和细胞凋亡的关键参与者。它们作为免疫系统中的基因表达调节剂而受到重视。它们控制抗体的产生并释放各种炎症介质。miRNA 在免疫系统中的异常表达和功能与各种疾病如炎症性疾病、过敏性疾病、癌症等有关。与人类平均基因组相比，miRNA 以截然不同的方式靶向免疫系统的基因。miRNA 似乎调节与人类获得性和固有免疫相关的反应。许多 miRNA 重要地调节与炎症相关介质的转录甚至失调。许多 miRNA 在各种炎症和感染性疾病中上调或下调。因此，修饰或靶向 miRNA 的表达可能成为诊断、预防和治疗各种炎症和感染性疾病的新策略。
