Schulte Leon N, Bertrams Wilhelm, Stielow Christina, Schmeck Bernd
Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1912:3-32. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8982-9_1.
Inflammatory and infectious diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inflammation is central to maintenance of organismal homeostasis upon infection, tissue damage, and malignancy. It occurs transiently in response to diverse stimuli (e.g., physical, radioactive, infective, pro-allergenic, or toxic), and in some cases may manifest itself in chronic diseases. To limit the potentially deleterious effects of acute or chronic inflammatory responses, complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory networks have evolved, often involving nonprotein-coding RNAs (ncRNA). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of posttranscriptional regulators that control mRNA translation and stability. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are a very diverse group of transcripts >200 nt, functioning among others as scaffolds or decoys both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. By now, it is well established that miRNAs and lncRNAs are implicated in all major cellular processes including control of cell death, proliferation, or metabolism. Extensive research over the last years furthermore revealed a fundamental role of ncRNAs in pathogen recognition and inflammatory responses. This chapter reviews and summarizes the current knowledge on regulatory ncRNA networks in infection and inflammation.
炎症性疾病和感染性疾病是全球发病和死亡的主要原因之一。炎症对于机体在感染、组织损伤和恶性肿瘤发生时维持体内平衡至关重要。炎症会在受到多种刺激（如物理、辐射、感染、促过敏或毒性刺激）后短暂发生，在某些情况下可能表现为慢性疾病。为了限制急性或慢性炎症反应的潜在有害影响，复杂的转录和转录后调控网络不断进化，其中常常涉及非蛋白质编码RNA（ncRNA）。微小RNA（miRNA）是一类转录后调节因子，可控制mRNA的翻译和稳定性。长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是一类长度大于200个核苷酸的多样转录本，在细胞核和细胞质中发挥支架或诱饵等多种功能。目前，已经明确miRNA和lncRNA参与包括细胞死亡、增殖或代谢控制在内的所有主要细胞过程。过去几年的广泛研究还揭示了ncRNA在病原体识别和炎症反应中的重要作用。本章回顾并总结了目前关于感染和炎症中调控性ncRNA网络的知识。
