Stapleton Emma M, Manges Robert, Parker Gavin, Stone Elizabeth A, Peters Thomas M, Blount Robert J, Noriega Julio, Li Xiaopeng, Zabner Joseph, Polgreen Philip M, Chipara Octav, Herman Ted, Comellas Alejandro P
Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
Front Public Health. 2020 Jan 24;7:418. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00418. eCollection 2019.
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution causes deleterious health effects; however, less is known about health effects of indoor air particulate matter (IAP). To understand whether IAP influences distinct mechanisms in the development of respiratory tract infections, including bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and innate immunity. Additionally, we tested whether IAP from Iowa houses of subjects with and without recent respiratory exacerbations recapitulated the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) IAP findings. To test the effect of NIST and Iowa IAP on bacterial growth and biofilm formation, we assessed growth and biofilm formation with and without the presence of IAP. To assess the effect of IAP on innate immunity, we exposed primary human airway surface liquid (ASL) to NIST, and Iowa IAP. Lastly, we tested whether specific metals may be responsible for effects on airway innate immunity. NIST and Iowa IAP significantly enhanced bacterial growth and biofilm formation. NIST IAP (whole particle and the soluble portion) impaired ASL antimicrobial activity. IAP from one Iowa home significantly impaired ASL antimicrobial activity ( < 0.05), and five other homes demonstrated a trend ( ≤ 0.18) of impaired ASL antimicrobial activity. IAP from homes of subjects with a recent history of respiratory exacerbation tended ( = 0.09) to impair ASL antimicrobial activity more than IAP from homes of those without a history respiratory exacerbation. Aluminum and Magnesium impaired ASL antimicrobial activity, while copper was bactericidal. Combining metals varied their effect on ASL antimicrobial activity. NIST IAP and Iowa IAP enhanced bacterial growth and biofilm formation. ASL antimicrobial activity was impaired by NIST IAP, and Iowa house IAP from subjects with recent respiratory exacerbation tended to impair ASL antimicrobial activity. Individual metals may explain impaired ASL antimicrobial activity; however, antimicrobial activity in the presence of multiple metals warrants further study.
颗粒物（PM）空气污染会对健康产生有害影响；然而，关于室内空气颗粒物（IAP）对健康的影响，我们了解得较少。为了了解IAP是否会影响呼吸道感染发展过程中的不同机制，包括细菌生长、生物膜形成和固有免疫。此外，我们测试了来自爱荷华州近期有或无呼吸道病情加重的受试者家中的IAP是否重现了美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）的IAP研究结果。为了测试NIST和爱荷华州IAP对细菌生长和生物膜形成的影响，我们评估了有或无IAP存在时的细菌生长和生物膜形成情况。为了评估IAP对固有免疫的影响，我们将原代人呼吸道表面液体（ASL）暴露于NIST和爱荷华州IAP中。最后，我们测试了特定金属是否可能是影响气道固有免疫的原因。NIST和爱荷华州IAP显著增强了细菌生长和生物膜形成。NIST IAP（整个颗粒和可溶部分）损害了ASL的抗菌活性。来自爱荷华州一个家庭的IAP显著损害了ASL的抗菌活性（P<0.05），其他五个家庭表现出ASL抗菌活性受损的趋势（P≤0.18）。近期有呼吸道病情加重病史的受试者家中的IAP比无呼吸道病情加重病史的受试者家中的IAP更倾向于（P=0.09）损害ASL的抗菌活性。铝和镁损害了ASL的抗菌活性，而铜具有杀菌作用。多种金属组合对ASL抗菌活性的影响各不相同。NIST IAP和爱荷华州IAP增强了细菌生长和生物膜形成。NIST IAP损害了ASL的抗菌活性，近期有呼吸道病情加重的爱荷华州家庭的IAP倾向于损害ASL的抗菌活性。单个金属可能解释了ASL抗菌活性受损的原因；然而，多种金属存在时的抗菌活性值得进一步研究。
