International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Front Public Health. 2021 Dec 15;9:783019. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.783019. eCollection 2021.
Human faecal sludge contains diverse harmful microorganisms, making it hazardous to the environment and public health if it is discharged untreated. Faecal sludge is one of the major sources of that can produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of ESBL-producing in faecal sludge samples collected from faecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) in Rohingya camps, Bangladesh. ESBL producing were screened by cultural as well as molecular methods and further characterized for their major ESBL genes, plasmid profiles, pathotypes, antibiotic resistance patterns, conjugation ability, and genetic similarity. Of 296 isolates, 180 were phenotypically positive for ESBL. All the isolates, except one, contained at least one ESBL gene that was tested (, , , , , , , and ). From plasmid profiling, it was observed that plasmids of 1-211 MDa were found in 84% (151/180) of the isolates. Besides, 13% (24/180) of the isolates possessed diarrhoeagenic virulence genes. From the remaining isolates, around 51% (79/156) harbored at least one virulence gene that is associated with the extraintestinal pathogenicity of . Moreover, 4% (3/156) of the isolates were detected to be potential extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) strains. Additionally, all the diarrhoeagenic and ExPEC strains showed resistance to three or more antibiotic groups which indicate their multidrug-resistant potential. ERIC-PCR differentiated these pathogenic isolates into seven clusters. In addition to this, 16 out of 35 tested isolates transferred plasmids of 32-112 MDa to J53 recipient strain. The present study implies that the faecal sludge samples examined here could be a potential origin for spreading MDR pathogenic ESBL-producing . The exposure of Rohingya individuals, living in overcrowded camps, to these organisms poses a severe threat to their health.
人类粪便污泥中含有多种有害微生物，如果未经处理排放，会对环境和公共健康造成危害。粪便污泥是产生 extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) 的主要来源之一。本研究旨在调查孟加拉国罗兴亚难民营粪便污泥处理厂 (FSTP) 采集的粪便污泥样本中 ESBL 产生 的流行情况和分子特征。通过培养和分子方法筛选 ESBL 产生 ，并进一步对其主要 ESBL 基因、质粒谱、病原体、抗生素耐药模式、接合能力和遗传相似性进行特征分析。在 296 株分离株中，180 株表型上呈 ESBL 阳性。除一株外，所有分离株均至少携带一种经测试的 ESBL 基因（、、、、、、和 ）。从质粒图谱观察到，180 株分离株中有 84%（151/180）含有 1-211 MDa 的质粒。此外，13%（24/180）的分离株携带腹泻性毒力基因。在其余的分离株中，约 51%（79/156）至少携带一种与 肠外致病性相关的毒力基因。此外，4%（3/156）的分离株被检测为具有潜在肠外致病性 的菌株（ExPEC）。此外，所有腹泻性和 ExPEC 菌株对三种或更多抗生素组均显示耐药性，表明其具有多药耐药性。ERIC-PCR 将这些致病性分离株分为七个聚类。除此之外，在 35 株测试的分离株中，有 16 株将 32-112 MDa 的质粒转移到 J53 受体株。本研究表明，这里检测的粪便污泥样本可能是传播 MDR 致病性 ESBL 产生 的潜在来源。生活在过度拥挤的难民营中的罗兴亚人接触这些生物体对他们的健康构成了严重威胁。
