巴西刀齿蝮表型特征对温度响应的家族水平变化的证据。

Evidence for family-level variation of phenotypic traits in response to temperature of Brazilian Nyssorhynchus darlingi.

机构信息

Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, USA.

Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, New York State Route 5, Albany, NY, USA.

出版信息

Parasit Vectors. 2020 Feb 10;13(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-3924-7.

DOI:10.1186/s13071-020-3924-7

PMID:32041663

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7011564/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Nyssorhynchus darlingi (also known as Anopheles darlingi) is the primary malaria vector in the Amazon River Basin. In Brazil, analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously detected three major population clusters, and a common garden experiment in a laboratory setting revealed significant population variation in life history traits. Increasing temperatures and local level variation can affect life history traits, i.e. adult longevity, that alter vectorial capacity with implications for malaria transmission in Ny. darlingi.

METHODS

We investigated the population structure of Ny. darlingi from 7 localities across Brazil utilizing SNPs and compared them to a comprehensive Ny. darlingi catalog. To test the effects of local level variation on life history traits, we reared F progeny from the 7 localities at three constant temperatures (20, 24 and 28 °C), measuring key life history traits (larval development, food-starved adult lifespan, adult size and daily survival).

RESULTS

Using nextRAD genotyping-by-sequencing, 93 of the field-collected Ny. darlingi were genotyped at 33,759 loci. Results revealed three populations (K = 3), congruent with major biomes (Amazonia, Cerrado and Mata Atlântica), with greater F values between biomes than within. In the life history experiments, increasing temperature reduced larval development time, adult lifespan, and wing length in all localities. The variation of family responses for all traits within four localities of the Amazonia biome was significant (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Individual families within localities revealed a range of responses as temperature increased, for larval development, adult lifespan, wing length and survival time.

CONCLUSIONS

SNP analysis of several Brazilian localities provided results in support of a previous study wherein populations of Ny. darlingi were clustered by three major Brazilian biomes. Our laboratory results of temperature effects demonstrated that population variation in life history traits of Ny. darlingi exists at the local level, supporting previous research demonstrating the high plasticity of this species. Understanding this plasticity and inherent variation between families of Ny. darlingi at the local level should be considered when deploying intervention strategies and may improve the likelihood of successful malaria elimination in South America.

摘要

背景

Nyssorhynchus darlingi（也称为 Anopheles darlingi）是亚马逊河流域的主要疟疾传播媒介。在巴西，对单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）的分析先前检测到三个主要的种群聚类，并且在实验室环境中进行的共同花园实验揭示了生活史特征的显著种群变异。不断升高的温度和局部水平的变化会影响生活史特征，即成虫寿命，这会改变 Ny.darlingi 的媒介能力，从而影响疟疾的传播。

方法

我们利用 SNPs 研究了来自巴西 7 个不同地区的 Ny.darlingi 的种群结构，并将其与全面的 Ny.darlingi 目录进行了比较。为了测试局部水平变化对生活史特征的影响，我们在三个恒定温度（20、24 和 28°C）下从 7 个地区饲养 F 代，测量关键的生活史特征（幼虫发育、饥饿成虫寿命、成虫大小和每日存活率）。

结果

使用 nextRAD 测序基因分型，对 93 只野外采集的 Ny.darlingi 进行了 33759 个基因座的基因型分析。结果表明存在三个种群（K=3），与主要生物群（亚马逊、塞拉多和大西洋森林）一致，生物群之间的 F 值大于生物群内。在生活史实验中，所有地区的温度升高都会减少幼虫发育时间、成虫寿命和翅膀长度。四个亚马逊生物群地区内所有特征的家系响应差异均具有统计学意义（方差分析，P<0.05）。随着温度的升高，各地区内的个别家系在幼虫发育、成虫寿命、翅膀长度和存活时间等特征上表现出一系列的响应。

结论

对巴西几个地区的 SNPs 分析结果支持先前的研究，即 Ny.darlingi 的种群按三个主要的巴西生物群聚类。我们关于温度影响的实验室结果表明，Ny.darlingi 的生活史特征存在于地方水平的种群变异，这支持了先前表明该物种高度可塑性的研究。在部署干预策略时，应考虑在地方水平上了解 Ny.darlingi 家族之间的这种可塑性和固有变异，并可能提高南美洲成功消除疟疾的可能性。