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基于人群的结肠癌患者手术后和辅助化疗期间静脉血栓栓塞发生率的队列研究。

A Population-Based Cohort Study of Venous Thromboembolism Rates Following Surgery and During Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Colon Cancer.

机构信息

Department of Surgery, Queens University, Kingston, Canada.

Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.

出版信息

Dis Colon Rectum. 2020 Mar;63(3):336-345. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001557.

DOI:10.1097/DCR.0000000000001557
PMID:32045399
Abstract

BACKGROUND

There is an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism in patients treated for colon cancer. Postoperative venous thromboembolism has been studied previously, but no large study has compared the risks during different stages of treatment.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to quantify and compare the risks of venous thromboembolism before surgery, after surgery, during adjuvant chemotherapy, and up to 365 days after surgery among patients with resected colon cancer.

DESIGN

This is a population-based retrospective cohort study.

SETTING

This study was conducted in a single-payer, universal health care setting (Ontario) between 2002 and 2008.

PATIENTS

A total of 6806 patients with stage I to III colon cancer treated with surgical resection were included.

INTERVENTIONS

Phases of treatment were evaluated, including preoperative, in-hospital, postoperative, during adjuvant chemotherapy, and 365 days postoperatively.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Venous thromboembolism, as defined using diagnostic codes from administrative data sources, was the primary outcome measured.

RESULTS

Of the 6806 patients included, 327 (5%) developed venous thromboembolism. Patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had a higher risk versus surgery-alone patients (6% vs 4%, p < 0.001). Of the 327 who developed venous thromboembolism, 32% (1.6% overall) were diagnosed during hospital admission and 13.5% (0.6% overall) were diagnosed between discharge and 30 days after surgery. The majority of venous thromboembolisms diagnosed in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (53%, 3.1% of all patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy) were diagnosed within 180 days of starting adjuvant chemotherapy. Venous thromboembolism was an independent risk factor for worse 5-year overall survival (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.43-1.91; p < 0.001).

LIMITATIONS

This study was limited by the potential for misclassification of venous thromboembolism and unknown compliance with prophylaxis recommendations.

CONCLUSION

Patients who undergo treatment for stage I to III colon cancer are at considerable risk of developing venous thromboembolism. The risk is elevated in those who require adjuvant chemotherapy, and venous thromboembolism is associated with worse long-term outcomes. There may be a role of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis during all phases of treatment, including both after surgery and during adjuvant chemotherapy. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B123. UN ESTUDIO DE COHORTE POBLACIONAL DE LAS TASAS DE TROMBOEMBOLISMO VENOSO DESPUÉS DE CIRUGÍA Y DURANTE QUIMIOTERAPIA ADYUVANTE EN PACIENTES CON CÁNCER DE COLON: Existe un riesgo elevado de tromboembolismo venoso en pacientes tratados por cáncer de colon. El tromboembolismo venoso postoperatorio se ha estudiado previamente, pero ningún estudio grande ha comparado los riesgos durante las diferentes etapas del tratamiento.Cuantificar y comparar los riesgos de tromboembolismo venoso antes de la cirugía, después de la cirugía, durante quimioterapia adyuvante y hasta 365 días después de cirugía en pacientes con cáncer de colon resecado.Estudio retrospectivo de cohorte poblacional.Escenario de atención médica universal con pagador único (Ontario) entre 2002-2008.6,806 pacientes con cáncer de colon en estadio I-III tratados con resección quirúrgica.Fase de tratamiento, incluyendo preoperatorio, hospitalización, postoperatorio, durante quimioterapia adyuvante y 365 días después de la operación.Tromboembolismo venoso, tal como se define utilizando códigos de diagnóstico de fuentes de datos administrativos.Se incluyeron 6,806 pacientes, con 327 (5%) que desarrollaron tromboembolismo venoso. Los pacientes que recibieron quimioterapia adyuvante tuvieron un mayor riesgo en comparación con los pacientes con cirugía solamente (6% vs 4%, p <0.001). De los 327 que desarrollaron tromboembolismo venoso, 32% (1.6% en general) fueron diagnosticados durante el ingreso hospitalario y 13.5% (0.6% en general) fueron diagnosticados entre el alta y 30 días después de la cirugía. La mayoría de los tromboembolismos venosos diagnosticados en pacientes que recibieron quimioterapia adyuvante (53%, 3.1% de todos los pacientes con quimioterapia adyuvante) fueron diagnosticados dentro de los 180 días de comenzar la quimioterapia adyuvante. El tromboembolismo venoso fue un factor de riesgo independiente para una peor supervivencia general a 5 años (Hazard Ratio (cociente de riesgo) 1.65, IC 95% 1.43-1.91, p <0.001).Potencial de clasificación errónea del tromboembolismo venoso, cumplimiento desconocido de las recomendaciones de profilaxis.Los pacientes que se someten a tratamiento para el cáncer de colon en estadio I-III tienen un riesgo considerable de desarrollar tromboembolismo venoso. El riesgo es elevado en aquellos que requieren quimioterapia adyuvante y el tromboembolismo venoso se asocia con peores resultados a largo plazo. La profilaxis del tromboembolismo venoso puede desempeñar un papel durante todas las fases del tratamiento, incluyendo tanto el periodo posquirúrgico como durante la quimioterapia adyuvante. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B123.

摘要

背景

接受结肠癌治疗的患者存在静脉血栓栓塞风险升高的情况。既往已经研究过术后静脉血栓栓塞,但尚无大型研究比较不同治疗阶段的风险。

目的

本研究旨在量化并比较接受手术切除的 I 期至 III 期结肠癌患者手术前、手术后、辅助化疗期间以及手术后 365 天内的静脉血栓栓塞风险。

设计

这是一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究。

设置

这项研究于 2002 年至 2008 年在单一支付者、全民医保(安大略省)环境中进行。

患者

共纳入 6806 例接受手术切除的 I 期至 III 期结肠癌患者。

干预措施

评估治疗阶段,包括术前、住院期间、术后、辅助化疗期间以及术后 365 天。

主要结局测量指标

使用行政数据来源的诊断代码定义的静脉血栓栓塞是主要结局测量指标。

结果

在纳入的 6806 例患者中,有 327 例(5%)发生静脉血栓栓塞。接受辅助化疗的患者与仅接受手术治疗的患者相比,风险更高(6%比 4%,p<0.001)。在发生静脉血栓栓塞的 327 例患者中,32%(总体的 1.6%)在住院期间确诊,13.5%(总体的 0.6%)在出院至手术后 30 天内确诊。在接受辅助化疗的患者中诊断出的大多数静脉血栓栓塞(53%,所有接受辅助化疗患者的 3.1%)发生在开始辅助化疗后的 180 天内。静脉血栓栓塞是 5 年总生存率较差的独立危险因素(HR 1.65,95%CI 1.43-1.91,p<0.001)。

局限性

本研究受到静脉血栓栓塞的潜在分类错误和对预防建议的遵守情况未知的限制。

结论

接受 I 期至 III 期结肠癌治疗的患者发生静脉血栓栓塞的风险相当高。需要辅助化疗的患者风险更高,静脉血栓栓塞与较差的长期结局相关。在所有治疗阶段(包括手术后和辅助化疗期间),都可能需要预防静脉血栓栓塞,包括在手术后和辅助化疗期间。

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