Department of Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland,
Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
Pathobiology. 2020;87(2):87-99. doi: 10.1159/000505437. Epub 2020 Feb 11.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in the development and progression of neoplasms. TME consists of the extracellular matrix and numerous specialized cells interacting with cancer cells by paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. Tumor axonogenesis and neoneurogenesis constitute a developing area of investigation. Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide. During the past years, more and more studies have shown that mechanisms leading to the development of PC are not confined only to the epithelial cancer cell, but also involve the tumor stroma. Different nerve types and neurotransmitters present within the TME are thought to be important factors in PC biology. Moreover, perineural invasion, which is a common way of PC spreading, in parallel creates the neural niche for malignant cells. Cancer neurobiology seems to have become a new discipline to explore the contribution of neoplastic cell interactions with the nervous system and the neural TME component, also to search for potential therapeutic targets in malignant tumors such as PC.
肿瘤微环境（TME）在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用。TME 由细胞外基质和许多专门的细胞组成，这些细胞通过旁分泌和自分泌机制与癌细胞相互作用。肿瘤轴突发生和神经新生是一个正在发展的研究领域。前列腺癌（PC）是全球男性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。在过去的几年中，越来越多的研究表明，导致 PC 发展的机制不仅限于上皮癌细胞，还涉及肿瘤基质。TME 中存在的不同神经类型和神经递质被认为是 PC 生物学的重要因素。此外，神经周围浸润是 PC 扩散的常见方式，同时为恶性细胞创造了神经生态位。癌症神经生物学似乎已成为一个新的学科，以探索肿瘤细胞与神经系统以及神经 TME 成分相互作用的贡献，并寻找恶性肿瘤（如 PC）的潜在治疗靶点。
