MicroRNA 322 Aggravates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Targeting and .

Dexamethasone (Dex) has been widely used as a potent anti-inflammatory, antishock, and immunosuppressive agent. However, high dose or long-term use of Dex is accompanied by side effects including skeletal muscle atrophy, whose underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. A number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play key roles in skeletal muscle atrophy. Previous studies showed significantly increased miR-322 expression in Dex-treated C2C12 myotubes. In our study, the glucocorticoid receptor () was required for Dex to increase miR-322 expression in C2C12 myotubes. miR-322 mimic or miR-322 inhibitor was used for regulating the expression of miR-322. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor () and insulin receptor () were identified as target genes of miR-322 using luciferase reporter assays and played key roles in Dex-induced muscle atrophy. miR-322 overexpression promoted atrophy in Dex-treated C2C12 myotubes and the gastrocnemius muscles of mice. Conversely, miR-322 inhibition showed the opposite effects. These data suggested that miR-322 contributes to Dex-induced muscle atrophy via targeting of and . Furthermore, miR-322 might be a potential target to counter Dex-induced muscle atrophy. miR-322 inhibition might also represent a therapeutic approach for Dex-induced muscle atrophy.