Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2020 Aug;26(4):313-326. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2019.0334. Epub 2020 Mar 23.
Pathologies affecting the small intestine contribute significantly to the disease burden of both the developing and the developed world, which has motivated investigation into the disease mechanisms through models. Although existing models recapitulate selected features of the intestine, various important aspects have often been isolated or omitted due to the anatomical and physiological complexity. The small intestine's intricate microanatomy, heterogeneous cell populations, steep oxygen gradients, microbiota, and intestinal wall contractions are often not included in experimental models of the small intestine, despite their importance in both intestinal biology and pathology. Known and unknown interdependencies between various physiological aspects necessitate more complex models. Microfluidic technology has made it possible to mimic the dynamic mechanical environment, signaling gradients, and other important aspects of small intestinal biology. This review presents an overview of the complexity of small intestinal anatomy and bioengineered models that recapitulate some of these physiological aspects.
影响小肠的病理学对发展中国家和发达国家的疾病负担都有重大影响，这促使人们通过模型来研究疾病机制。尽管现有的模型再现了肠道的某些特征，但由于解剖和生理的复杂性，各种重要的方面往往被孤立或忽略。尽管小肠的复杂微观解剖结构、异质细胞群体、陡峭的氧气梯度、微生物群和肠壁收缩在小肠的实验模型中很重要，但它们通常不包括在内，这是因为这些模型在肠道生物学和病理学中都很重要。各种生理方面之间已知和未知的相互依存关系需要更复杂的模型。微流控技术使得模拟动态机械环境、信号梯度和小肠生物学的其他重要方面成为可能。这篇综述介绍了小肠解剖结构的复杂性和再现这些生理方面的一些生物工程模型。
