Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2020 Feb 11;17(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s12984-020-0649-y.
When exposed to a novel dynamic perturbation, participants adapt by changing their movements' dynamics. This adaptation is achieved by constructing an internal representation of the perturbation, which allows for applying forces that compensate for the novel external conditions. To form an internal representation, the sensorimotor system gathers and integrates sensory inputs, including kinesthetic and tactile information about the external load. The relative contribution of the kinesthetic and tactile information in force-field adaptation is poorly understood.
In this study, we set out to establish the effect of augmented tactile information on adaptation to force-field. Two groups of participants received a velocity-dependent tangential skin deformation from a custom-built skin-stretch device together with a velocity-dependent force-field from a kinesthetic haptic device. One group experienced a skin deformation in the same direction of the force, and the other in the opposite direction. A third group received only the velocity-dependent force-field.
We found that adding a skin deformation did not affect the kinematics of the movement during adaptation. However, participants who received skin deformation in the opposite direction adapted their manipulation forces faster and to a greater extent than those who received skin deformation in the same direction of the force. In addition, we found that skin deformation in the same direction to the force-field caused an increase in the applied grip-force per amount of load force, both in response and in anticipation of the stretch, compared to the other two groups.
Augmented tactile information affects the internal representations for the control of manipulation and grip forces, and these internal representations are likely updated via distinct mechanisms. We discuss the implications of these results for assistive and rehabilitation devices.
当参与者暴露于新的动态干扰时，他们会通过改变运动动力学来适应。这种适应是通过构建对干扰的内部表示来实现的，内部表示允许施加补偿新的外部条件的力。为了形成内部表示，感觉运动系统会收集和整合感觉输入，包括关于外部负载的动觉和触觉信息。力场适应中动觉和触觉信息的相对贡献尚不清楚。
在这项研究中，我们旨在确定增强触觉信息对适应力场的影响。两组参与者分别接受了来自定制的皮肤拉伸设备的与速度相关的切向皮肤变形和来自动觉触觉设备的与速度相关的力场。一组经历了与力相同方向的皮肤变形，另一组经历了相反方向的皮肤变形。第三组仅接受与速度相关的力场。
我们发现，增加皮肤变形不会影响适应过程中的运动运动学。然而，与接受与力相同方向的皮肤变形的参与者相比，接受相反方向的皮肤变形的参与者更快地适应了操作力，并且适应程度更大。此外，我们发现与力场相同方向的皮肤变形会导致施加的握力与负载力的比例增加，无论是在响应还是预期拉伸时，与其他两组相比都是如此。
增强的触觉信息会影响用于控制操作和握力的内部表示，并且这些内部表示可能通过不同的机制进行更新。我们讨论了这些结果对辅助和康复设备的意义。
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