豆类补充对 6 至 12 个月大的马拉维农村婴幼儿肠道微生物群的影响。
The effect of legume supplementation on the gut microbiota in rural Malawian infants aged 6 to 12 months.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Apr 1;111(4):884-892. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa011.
BACKGROUND
Common bean and cowpea contain about 25% protein and 25% fiber, and are recommended as complementary foods in sub-Saharan Africa.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine if a daily legume supplement given to Malawian infants aged 6 to 12 mo alters the 16S configuration of the fecal microbiota as read out by amplicon sequence variants (ASVs).
METHODS
This study was conducted within the context of a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial to assess whether cowpea or common bean supplementation reduced intestinal permeability or increased linear growth. There were 2 village clusters in which the study was conducted. Fresh stool collections were flash frozen from 236 infants at ≤6 time points. The stools were sequenced using Earth Microbiome project protocols and data were processed using Qiime and Qiita, open-source, validated software packages. α-diversity was measured using the Faith's test. The 16S configuration was characterized by determining the weighted UniFrac distances of the ASVs and comparing them using permutational multivariate ANOVA.
RESULTS
Among the 1249 samples analyzed, the α-diversity of the fecal microbiome was unchanged among subjects after initiation of legume supplementation. Neither cowpea nor common bean altered the overall 16S configuration at any age. The 16S configuration differed between children with adequate and poor linear growth aged from 6 to 9 mo, but no specific ASVs differed in relative abundance. The 16S configuration differed between children with normal and abnormal intestinal permeability at 9 mo, but no specific ASVs differed in relative abundance. Among categorical characteristics of the population associated with different 16S configurations, village cluster was most pronounced.
CONCLUSION
Legume supplementation in breastfed, rural African infants did not affect the structure of the gut microbial communities until the children were aged 9 mo. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02472262.
背景
普通菜豆和豇豆分别含有约 25%的蛋白质和 25%的膳食纤维，是撒哈拉以南非洲推荐的辅食。
目的
本研究旨在确定 6 至 12 月龄的马拉维婴儿每日食用豆类补充剂是否会改变粪便微生物群的 16S 结构，16S 结构通过扩增子序列变异体（ASV）读出。
方法
本研究是在一项随机、双盲、对照临床试验的背景下进行的，该试验评估了豇豆或普通菜豆补充剂是否降低肠道通透性或增加线性生长。在两个村庄集群中进行了这项研究。从 236 名婴儿中收集了 236 个新鲜粪便样本，并在 ≤6 个时间点进行了快速冷冻。使用地球微生物组计划方案对粪便进行测序，并使用开源、经过验证的软件包 Qiime 和 Qiita 进行数据处理。使用 Faith 检验测量 α-多样性。通过确定 ASV 的加权 UniFrac 距离并使用置换多元方差分析比较它们来描述 16S 结构。
结果
在分析的 1249 个样本中，在开始食用豆类补充剂后，粪便微生物群的 α-多样性在受试者中保持不变。在任何年龄，豇豆或普通菜豆都没有改变整体 16S 结构。6 至 9 月龄时，线性生长良好和较差的儿童之间的 16S 结构存在差异，但相对丰度没有特定的 ASV 存在差异。9 月龄时，肠道通透性正常和异常的儿童之间的 16S 结构存在差异，但相对丰度没有特定的 ASV 存在差异。在与不同 16S 配置相关的人群的分类特征中，村庄集群最为明显。
结论
在母乳喂养的农村非洲婴儿中补充豆类，直到儿童 9 月龄时才会影响肠道微生物群落的结构。这项试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT02472262。
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