Uhr Giulia T, Dohnalová Lenka, Thaiss Christoph A
Microbiology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
mSystems. 2019 Feb 19;4(1). doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00216-18. eCollection 2019 Jan-Feb.
The intestinal microbiota contains trillions of commensal microorganisms that shape multiple aspects of host physiology and disease. In contrast to the host's genome, the microbiome is amenable to change over the course of an organism's lifetime, providing an opportunity to therapeutically modulate the microbiome's impact on human pathophysiology. In this Perspective, we highlight environmental factors that regulate the temporal dynamics of the intestinal microbiome, with a particular focus on the different time scales at which they act. We propose that the identification of transient and intermediate states of microbiome responses to perturbations is essential for understanding the rules that govern the behavior of this ecosystem. The delineation of microbiome dynamics is also helpful for distinguishing cause and effect in microbiome responses to environmental stimuli. Understanding the dimension of time in host-microbiome interactions is therefore critical for therapeutic strategies that aim at short-term or long-term engineering of the intestinal microbial community.
肠道微生物群包含数万亿共生微生物，它们塑造宿主生理学和疾病的多个方面。与宿主基因组不同，微生物组在生物体的一生中易于发生变化，这为通过治疗手段调节微生物组对人类病理生理学的影响提供了机会。在这篇观点文章中，我们重点介绍了调节肠道微生物组时间动态的环境因素，特别关注它们发挥作用的不同时间尺度。我们认为，识别微生物组对扰动反应的瞬态和中间状态对于理解支配这个生态系统行为的规则至关重要。描绘微生物组动态也有助于区分微生物组对环境刺激反应中的因果关系。因此，了解宿主-微生物组相互作用中的时间维度对于旨在对肠道微生物群落进行短期或长期调控的治疗策略至关重要。
