美国报道的贾第虫病病例的流行情况演变，1995-2016 年。
Evolving Epidemiology of Reported Giardiasis Cases in the United States, 1995-2016.
机构信息
National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
出版信息
Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Mar 1;72(5):764-770. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa128.
BACKGROUND
Giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasitic disease of humans identified in the United States (US) and an important waterborne disease. In the United States, giardiasis has been variably reportable since 1992 and was made a nationally notifiable disease in 2002. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology of US giardiasis cases from 1995 through 2016 using National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data.
METHODS
Negative binomial regression models were used to compare incidence rates by age group (0-4, 5-9, 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-64, and ≥ 65 years) during 3 time periods (1995-2001, 2002-2010, and 2011-2016).
RESULTS
During 1995-2016, the average number of reported cases was 19 781 per year (range, 14 623-27 778 cases). The annual incidence of reported giardiasis in the United States decreased across all age groups. This decrease differs by age group and sex and may reflect either changes in surveillance methods (eg, changes to case definitions or reporting practices) or changes in exposure. Incidence rates in males and older age groups did not decrease to the same extent as rates in females and children.
CONCLUSIONS
Trends suggest that differences in exposures by sex and age group are important to the epidemiology of giardiasis. Further investigation into the risk factors of populations with higher rates of giardiasis will support prevention and control efforts.
背景
贾第虫病是美国（美国）发现的最常见的人类肠道寄生虫病，也是一种重要的水源性疾病。在美国，自 1992 年以来，贾第虫病的报告情况各不相同，2002 年被列为全国法定报告疾病。我们的目的是使用国家法定传染病监测系统的数据，描述 1995 年至 2016 年美国贾第虫病病例的流行病学。
方法
使用负二项回归模型比较了三个时期（1995-2001 年、2002-2010 年和 2011-2016 年）中按年龄组（0-4 岁、5-9 岁、10-19 岁、20-29 岁、30-39 岁、40-49 岁、50-64 岁和≥65 岁）的发病率。
结果
在 1995 年至 2016 年期间，每年报告的病例数平均为 19781 例（范围为 14623-27778 例）。美国报告的贾第虫病的年发病率在所有年龄组中均呈下降趋势。这种下降因年龄组和性别而异，可能反映了监测方法的变化（例如，病例定义或报告做法的变化）或暴露情况的变化。男性和年龄较大的年龄组的发病率下降程度不及女性和儿童。
结论
趋势表明，性别和年龄组之间的暴露差异对贾第虫病的流行病学很重要。进一步研究具有较高贾第虫病发病率的人群的危险因素将支持预防和控制工作。
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