Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(24):2807-2816. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200212121710.
Bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics and chemical agents than planktonic bacteria in suspension. Treatment of biofilm-associated infections inevitably involves high dosages and prolonged courses of antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is a potential risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to the high prevalence of AMR and its association with biofilm formation, investigation of more effective anti-biofilm agents is required. From ancient times, herbs and spices have been used to preserve foods, and their antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties are well known. Moreover, phytochemicals exert their anti-biofilm properties at sub-inhibitory concentrations without providing the opportunity for the emergence of resistant bacteria or harming the host microbiota. With increasing scientific attention to natural phytotherapeutic agents, numerous experimental investigations have been conducted in recent years. The present paper aims to review the articles published in the last decade in order to summarize a) our current understanding of AMR in correlation with biofilm formation and b) the evidence of phytotherapeutic agents against bacterial biofilms and their mechanisms of action. The main focus has been put on herbal anti-biofilm compounds tested to date in association with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and food-borne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli).
生物膜内的细菌比悬浮在培养液中的浮游细菌对抗生素和化学药剂更具抵抗力。生物膜相关感染的治疗不可避免地需要高剂量和长时间使用抗菌药物；因此，存在产生抗微生物药物耐药性 (AMR) 的潜在风险。由于 AMR 的高流行率及其与生物膜形成的关联，需要研究更有效的抗生物膜剂。自古以来，草药和香料就被用于保存食物，它们的抗菌、抗生物膜和抗群体感应特性是众所周知的。此外，植物化学物质在亚抑菌浓度下发挥其抗生物膜特性，而不会为耐药菌的出现提供机会或损害宿主微生物群。随着对天然植物疗法的科学关注度不断提高，近年来进行了大量的实验研究。本文旨在综述过去十年发表的文章，以总结 a) 我们目前对与生物膜形成相关的 AMR 的理解，以及 b) 植物疗法对抗细菌生物膜的证据及其作用机制。主要重点是迄今为止已测试的抗细菌生物膜的草药化合物，它们与金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和食源性病原体（沙门氏菌、弯曲杆菌、李斯特菌和大肠杆菌）有关。
