Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 12;15(2):e0229012. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229012. eCollection 2020.
Physical activity (PA) has both short- and long-term importance. In this study we sought to assess the prevalence and correlates of PA among 1,542 Senior High School (SHS) students.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ghana among SHS students using the 2012 version of the Ghana Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) data, which utilised two-stage cluster sampling technique. The population for the study comprised SHS students. The outcome variable was physical activity. The data were analysed using STATA version 14.2 for Mac OS. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed. At the bivariate level, Pearson chi-square test between each independent variable and PA was conducted and the level of statistical significance was set at 5%. All the significant variables from the chi-square test were selected for the multivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, Poisson regression with robust variance was performed to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR).
It was found that 25.0% (29.0% males and 21.9% females) of SHS students were physically active. Female students (APR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.65, 0.94), students in SHS 2 (APR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.577, 0.941) and SHS3 (APR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63, 0.93), and those who went hungry (APR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65, 0.92) were less likely to be physically active compared to males, those in SHS1 and those who did not go hungry respectively. On the other hand, students who actively commuted to school (APR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.72, 2.42) and got support from their peers were more likely to be physically active (APR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.09-2.41).
Only a quarter of SHS students who participated in the 2012 version of the GSHS met the WHO's recommended level of physical activity. Sex, grade/form and experience of hunger are associated with physical activity. Physical activity is a major component of any health promotion program. Policies and programmes targeting improvement in physical activity among SHS students should take these associated factors into consideration.
身体活动（PA）具有短期和长期的重要性。在这项研究中，我们试图评估 1542 名高中生中 PA 的流行率和相关因素。
在加纳的高中学生中进行了一项横断面研究，使用了 2012 年版加纳全球基于学校的学生健康调查（GSHS）数据，该数据采用了两阶段聚类抽样技术。研究的总体包括高中生。因变量是身体活动。使用 STATA 版本 14.2 for Mac OS 对数据进行分析。在双变量水平上，对每个独立变量与 PA 之间进行 Pearson 卡方检验，并设定 5%的统计显著性水平。对卡方检验中所有显著的变量进行多元分析。在多元分析中，采用具有稳健方差的泊松回归来估计粗患病率比（APR）和调整后的患病率比（APR）。
发现 25.0%（男生 29.0%，女生 21.9%）的高中生有身体活动。与男生相比，女生（APR = 0.78，95%CI = 0.65，0.94）、在 SHS2（APR = 0.76，95%CI = 0.577，0.941）和 SHS3（APR = 0.79，95%CI = 0.63，0.93）的学生以及饥饿的学生（APR = 0.77，95%CI = 0.65，0.92）不太可能进行身体活动。另一方面，积极通勤上学的学生（APR = 2.40，95%CI = 1.72，2.42）和得到同伴支持的学生更有可能进行身体活动（APR = 1.62，95%CI = 1.09-2.41）。
只有四分之一的参加 2012 年版 GSHS 的高中生达到了世界卫生组织推荐的身体活动水平。性别、年级/班级和饥饿经历与身体活动有关。身体活动是任何健康促进计划的主要组成部分。针对改善高中生身体活动的政策和计划应考虑到这些相关因素。
