Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China.
Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Feb 9;20(3):917. doi: 10.3390/s20030917.
Perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) and its derivatives exhibit excellent thermal, chemical and optical stability, strong electron affinity, strong visible-light absorption and unique fluorescence on/off features. The combination of these features makes PDIs ideal molecular frameworks for development in a broad range of sensors for detecting environmental pollutants such as heavy metal ions (e.g., Cu, Cd, Hg, Pd, etc.), inorganic anions (e.g., F, ClO, PO, etc.), as well as poisonous organic compounds such as nitriles, amines, nitroaromatics, benzene homologues, etc. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advance in research and development of PDI-based fluorescent sensors, as well as related colorimetric and multi-mode sensor systems, for environmental detection in aqueous, organic or mixed solutions. The molecular design of PDIs and structural optimization of the sensor system (regarding both sensitivity and selectivity) in response to varying analytes are discussed in detail. At the end, a perspective summary is provided covering both the key challenges and potential solutions for the future development of PDI-based optical sensors.
苝四羧酸二酰亚胺（PDI）及其衍生物具有优异的热稳定性、化学稳定性和光学稳定性、强电子亲和力、强可见光吸收以及独特的荧光开/关特性。这些特性的结合使 PDIs 成为开发用于检测环境污染物（如重金属离子（例如 Cu、Cd、Hg、Pd 等）、无机阴离子（例如 F、ClO、PO 等）以及有毒有机化合物如腈类、胺类、硝基芳烃、苯同系物等）的各种传感器的理想分子框架。在本综述中，我们全面概述了 PDI 基荧光传感器以及相关比色和多模传感器系统在水相、有机相或混合溶液中的环境检测方面的最新研究进展。详细讨论了 PDI 的分子设计和传感器系统（关于灵敏度和选择性）的结构优化，以响应不同的分析物。最后，提供了一个视角总结，涵盖了基于 PDI 的光学传感器未来发展的关键挑战和潜在解决方案。
