Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia.
Retired and Formerly Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia.
J Econ Entomol. 2020 Jun 6;113(3):1315-1322. doi: 10.1093/jee/toaa015.
Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) remain a significant pest affecting livestock and rural communities on the Swan Coastal Plain around Perth, Western Australia. Vegetable crop residues remaining after harvest enable stable fly development. Left untreated they can produce from several hundred to >1,000 stable fly/m2 of post-harvest residues. We studied the effect of burial and compaction of sandy soils on adult emergence of stable fly and house fly (Musca domestica L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). Adults of both fly species can move up through 50 cm of loose, dry sand, however at depths greater than 60 cm, emergence rapidly declines with <5% of adults surviving under 100 cm of soil. Burial of stable fly larvae and pupae under 15 cm of soil followed by compaction using a static weight dramatically reduced adult emergence. Moist soil compacted at ≥3 t/m2 completely prevented stable fly emergence whereas house fly emergence was not affected. One t/m2 of compaction resulted in <5% emergence of stable fly buried as pupae. Soil that was easily compactible (i.e., high silt, fine sand and clay content) reduced stable fly emergence more than soil with more coarse sand and low clay content. This study demonstrates the potential for a novel and chemical-free option for controlling stable fly development from vegetable crop post-harvest residue. Field trials are needed to confirm that burial and compaction of vegetable post-harvest residues using agricultural machinery can dramatically reduce the subsequent emergence of adult stable fly on a large scale.
厩螫蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans L.）仍然是影响西澳大利亚天鹅海岸平原周围牲畜和农村社区的重要害虫。收获后留下的蔬菜作物残余物为厩螫蝇的发育提供了条件。如果不加以处理，它们每平方米可能会产生几百到一千多只厩螫蝇。我们研究了沙质土壤的掩埋和压实对厩螫蝇和家蝇（Musca domestica L.）（双翅目：蝇科）成虫出现的影响。这两种蝇类的成虫都可以在松散、干燥的沙中向上移动 50 厘米，但在 60 厘米以上的深度，随着土壤中存活的成虫数量迅速下降至不到 5%，成虫的出现率迅速下降。将厩螫蝇幼虫和蛹埋在 15 厘米以下的土壤中，然后用静态重量压实，可以显著减少成虫的出现。含水量为 3 吨/平方米以上的湿润土壤压实完全阻止了厩螫蝇的出现，而家蝇的出现则不受影响。当蛹被掩埋时，压实 1 吨/平方米只会导致不到 5%的厩螫蝇出现。易于压实的土壤（即高粉砂、细砂和粘土含量）比粗砂含量高和粘土含量低的土壤更能减少厩螫蝇的出现。本研究证明了一种新颖的、无化学物质的选择，用于控制蔬菜收获后残余物中厩螫蝇的发育。需要进行田间试验来确认使用农业机械对蔬菜收获后的残余物进行掩埋和压实，可以在大规模上显著减少随后厩螫蝇成虫的出现。
