Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
Physiol Plant. 2020 Jul;169(3):312-324. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13074. Epub 2020 Feb 28.
Shade is a potential threat to many plant species. When shade-intolerant plants detect neighbours, they elongate their stems and leaves in an effort to maximise their light capture. This developmental programme, known as 'shade-avoidance' is tightly controlled by specialised photoreceptors and a suite of transcriptional regulators. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors are particularly important for shade-induced elongation. In recent years, it has become apparent that many members of this family heterodimerise and that together they form a complex regulatory network. This review summarises recent work into the structure of the bHLH network and how it regulates elongation growth. In addition to this, we highlight how photoreceptors modulate the function of the network via direct interaction with transcription factors. It is hoped that the information integrated in this review will provide a useful theoretical framework for future studies on the molecular basis of shade-avoidance in plants.
遮荫对许多植物物种都是潜在的威胁。当喜光植物探测到邻居时，它们会伸长茎和叶，以最大限度地捕捉光线。这种发育程序被称为“避荫”，它受到专门的光感受器和一套转录调节剂的严格控制。碱性螺旋-环-螺旋（bHLH）转录因子家族对遮荫诱导的伸长特别重要。近年来，人们已经清楚地认识到，这个家族的许多成员都会异二聚化，并且它们共同构成了一个复杂的调控网络。这篇综述总结了 bHLH 网络结构及其调控伸长生长的最新研究进展。此外，我们还强调了光感受器如何通过与转录因子的直接相互作用来调节网络的功能。我们希望本综述中整合的信息将为未来研究植物避荫的分子基础提供一个有用的理论框架。
