Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 13;15(2):e0228888. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228888. eCollection 2020.
Fasting during the month of Ramadan is a basic pillar of Islam. While patients may be religiously exempted from fasting, literature indicates that the majority decide to fast. Caring for millions of Muslim patients who decide to fast during Ramadan can be challenging for clinicians around the globe. This study proposes a communication tool, RAMCOM, which aims to assist clinicians in communicating with Muslim patients considering fasting during Ramadan. It addresses the following questions: What are the clinicians' preferences for the tool in terms of Content, Format, Style, Length and language? How do clinicians perceive factors that would impact their intentions to sue the tool? What would facilitate the implementation and dissemination of the proposed tool?
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of clinicians in Egypt (11) and the US (10). Clinicians were purposefully sampled to assure variance in age, gender, time in practice, specialty, and religious background. Directed content analysis was conducted and emerging data were mapped to constructs within the theory of planned behavior. Iterative sampling and analysis continued until saturation was reached.
In total, 21 clinicians were interviewed. The tool was iteratively revised according to clinicians' comments on format, content, language and usability. Factors contributing to using RAMCOM included perception of tool (need for use, perceived burden of use), perceived norm (perceived patient expectations), and ability to use tool (time, frequency of seeing patients, knowledge of Ramadan and Islam). Practice environment factors that impact the use of RAMCOM include education, early reminders, colored laminated copies, communication training, involvement of support staff, and patient education.
Clinicians provided valuable perceptions on the implementability and use of RAMCOM, a new communication tool designed to assist in caring for Muslim patients during Ramadan. These perceptions should be considered by different stakeholders to facilitate goal-concordant care for Muslim patients considering fasting.
在斋月期间禁食是伊斯兰教的基本支柱。虽然患者可能因宗教原因免于禁食，但文献表明，大多数患者决定禁食。照顾全球数以百万计的决定在斋月期间禁食的穆斯林患者对临床医生来说是一项挑战。本研究提出了一种沟通工具 RAMCOM，旨在协助考虑在斋月期间禁食的穆斯林患者的临床医生进行沟通。它解决了以下问题：临床医生在内容、格式、风格、长度和语言方面对工具的偏好是什么？临床医生如何看待会影响他们使用工具意图的因素？哪些因素会促进拟议工具的实施和传播？
对埃及（11 名）和美国（10 名）的临床医生进行了有针对性的半结构化访谈。临床医生是有针对性地抽样的，以保证年龄、性别、从业时间、专业和宗教背景的差异。进行了定向内容分析，将新出现的数据映射到计划行为理论的结构中。不断进行迭代抽样和分析，直到达到饱和。
共有 21 名临床医生接受了访谈。根据临床医生对格式、内容、语言和可用性的意见，对工具进行了迭代修订。使用 RAMCOM 的因素包括对工具的看法（使用需求、使用负担感知）、感知规范（感知患者期望）和使用工具的能力（时间、患者就诊频率、对斋月和伊斯兰教的了解）。影响 RAMCOM 使用的实践环境因素包括教育、早期提醒、彩色层压副本、沟通培训、支持人员的参与以及患者教育。
临床医生对新的沟通工具 RAMCOM 的实施和使用提供了宝贵的看法，该工具旨在帮助在斋月期间照顾穆斯林患者。不同利益相关者应考虑这些看法，以促进与考虑禁食的穆斯林患者的目标一致的护理。
