Al Rifai Lina Abdallah, Soubra Lama, Hassanein Mohamed, Amin Mohamed Ezzat Khamis
Beirut Arab University Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanon.
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Saudi Pharm J. 2022 May;30(5):619-628. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.02.008. Epub 2022 Feb 14.
Prior studies show that many patients with diabetes whose health maybe impacted by fasting, choose to fast during Ramadan. This study describes the implementation and evaluation of an online module targeting bachelor of pharmacy (BPharm) and doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students that aims to improve participants' knowledge, communication, and self-efficacy concerning proper care for patients with diabetes in Ramadan.
An online module consisting of two phases targeting both BPharm and PharmD students was implemented over two semesters in fall 2020 and spring 2021. Participants were directed to fill pre-module and post-module assessments to evaluate the change in their knowledge and self-efficacy using two scales. Pre- and post-survey data for participants' knowledge and self-efficacy were analyzed for significance using paired sample t-tests. Qualitative data analysis was performed to assess participants' responses to the open-ended question concerning what they liked and disliked about the module.
All BPharm and PharmD students taking the lesson responded to both the baseline survey and the follow-up one resulting in 92 responses (participation rate of 100%). The average score for participants in the pre-module self-efficacy section was 1.5 (SD = 1) and increased post-module to 3.5 (SD = 0.7), t (91) = 20.2, p < 0.001. Further, the average score for participants in the pre-module knowledge section was 14 (SD = 3), which similarly increased to 22 (SD = 3) post-module t (91) = 19.7, p < 0.001. Qualitative analysis provided insights on how participants perceived the module design, content, and its impact on practice. Participants described the module as an informative one that addresses a much-needed issue they haven't been exposed to before. They emphasized how the module addresses the cultural needs of patients in their communities. They particularly appreciated seeing instructor videos depicting real-life scenarios and the focus on their communication skills, but some preferred learning about this topic through live sessions.
An online module positively impacted both self-efficacy and knowledge in relation to caring for patients with diabetes considering fasting in Ramadan. Future studies should explore how different versions of this module can be integrated into educational activities for pharmacy students, pharmacists in different settings, and for other health care professionals.
先前的研究表明，许多健康可能受禁食影响的糖尿病患者会选择在斋月期间禁食。本研究描述了一个针对药学学士（BPharm）和药学博士（PharmD）学生的在线模块的实施与评估情况，该模块旨在提高参与者在斋月期间对糖尿病患者进行妥善护理方面的知识、沟通能力和自我效能感。
一个针对BPharm和PharmD学生的包含两个阶段的在线模块在2020年秋季和2021年春季的两个学期实施。指导参与者填写模块前和模块后的评估，以使用两个量表评估他们知识和自我效能感的变化。使用配对样本t检验分析参与者知识和自我效能感的前后调查数据的显著性。进行定性数据分析以评估参与者对关于他们对该模块喜欢和不喜欢之处的开放式问题的回答。
所有参加该课程的BPharm和PharmD学生都对基线调查和后续调查做出了回应，共得到92份回复（参与率为100%）。参与者在模块前自我效能感部分的平均得分是1.5（标准差 = 1），模块后增加到3.5（标准差 = 0.7），t（91）= 20.2，p < 0.001。此外，参与者在模块前知识部分的平均得分是14（标准差 = 3），模块后同样增加到22（标准差 = 3），t（91）= 19.7，p < 0.001。定性分析提供了关于参与者如何看待模块设计、内容及其对实践的影响的见解。参与者将该模块描述为一个信息丰富的模块，并解决了一个他们以前从未接触过的急需解决的问题。他们强调该模块如何满足他们所在社区患者的文化需求。他们特别赞赏看到描绘现实生活场景的教师视频以及对他们沟通技巧的关注，但有些人更喜欢通过现场课程学习这个主题。
一个在线模块对在考虑斋月禁食情况下护理糖尿病患者的自我效能感和知识都产生了积极影响。未来的研究应探索该模块的不同版本如何能够整合到药学专业学生、不同环境中的药剂师以及其他医疗保健专业人员的教育活动中。
