Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Int Endod J. 2020 Jun;53(6):824-833. doi: 10.1111/iej.13280. Epub 2020 Mar 9.
To evaluate the antibiofilm effect of proanthocyanidin (PA) solution as an irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its influence on the mechanical properties and biodegradation resistance of demineralized root dentine.
Enterococcus faecalis were introduced into human root dentine tubules by a serial centrifugation method and grown for 1 week. Dentine blocks infected with 1-week-old E. faecalis biofilms were treated with the following irrigants: sterile water (control), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 2% PA, 5% PA and 10% PA. After treatment, the live and dead bacteria proportions within E. faecalis biofilms were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. To evaluate the biostability of fully demineralized dentine treated by the aforementioned irrigants, the elastic modulus and hydroxyproline release of human dentine incubated in collagenase solution were tested at baseline, after irrigant treatment and after biodegradation, respectively. Furthermore, the surface chemical bond of demineralized dentine collagen treated by various irrigants was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way anova and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparisons with the significance level at 5%.
The proportion of dead E. faecalis volume was significantly higher in the PA and CHX groups than that in the control group (P < 0.05). PA irrigation significantly increased the mechanical properties of demineralized dentine (P < 0.05), and the effect was enhanced with increasing PA concentration. CHX and PA groups had significantly less elasticity loss and hydroxyproline release (P < 0.05). The biomodification of dentine collagen by PA was verified by increased C-O/C-N peak percentage under C1s and C-O peak percentage under O1s narrow-scan XPS spectra.
Proanthocyanidin killed E. faecalis within biofilms and enhanced the biostability of the collagen matrix of demineralized root dentine. It might be used as an auxiliary endodontic irrigant with antibiofilm and collagen-stabilizing effects.
评估原花青素（PA）溶液作为冲洗液对抗粪肠球菌（E. faecalis）的抗生物膜作用及其对脱矿根管牙本质机械性能和抗生物降解性的影响。
通过连续离心法将粪肠球菌引入人根管牙本质小管中，并培养 1 周。用以下冲洗液处理感染了 1 周龄粪肠球菌生物膜的牙本质块：无菌水（对照）、2%洗必泰（CHX）、2%PA、5%PA 和 10%PA。处理后，使用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜分析粪肠球菌生物膜内活菌和死菌的比例。为了评估用上述冲洗液处理的完全脱矿牙本质的生物稳定性，分别在基线、冲洗液处理后和生物降解后，测试在胶原酶溶液中孵育的人牙本质的弹性模量和羟脯氨酸释放。此外，通过 X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）对各种冲洗液处理的脱矿牙本质胶原的表面化学键进行了表征。使用单因素方差分析和 Tukey 事后多重比较进行统计分析，显著性水平为 5%。
PA 和 CHX 组的粪肠球菌死菌比例明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。PA 冲洗液显著提高了脱矿牙本质的机械性能（P<0.05），且随着 PA 浓度的增加效果增强。CHX 和 PA 组的弹性损失和羟脯氨酸释放明显减少（P<0.05）。PA 处理增加了 C1s 下的 C-O/C-N 峰百分比和 O1s 下的 C-O 峰百分比，证明了牙本质胶原的生物修饰。
原花青素能杀死生物膜内的粪肠球菌，并增强脱矿根管牙本质胶原基质的生物稳定性。它可能作为一种具有抗生物膜和稳定胶原作用的辅助根管冲洗液使用。
