Manufacturing Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy: Monocyte Enrichment.

Dendritic cells play a key role in activation of the immune system as potent antigen-presenting cells. This pivotal position, along with the ability to generate dendritic cells from monocytes and ready uptake of antigen, makes them an intriguing vehicle for immunotherapy for a variety of indications. Since the first reported trial using dendritic cells in 1995, they have been used in trials all over the world for a plethora of indications. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells are generated from whole blood or apheresis products by culturing enriched monocytes in the presence of interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A variety of methods can be used for enrichment of monocytes for generation of clinical-grade dendritic cells and are summarized herein.