Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Sport Sciences, Vahdat Institute of Higher Education, Torbat-e-Jam, Iran.
Calcif Tissue Int. 2020 Jun;106(6):577-590. doi: 10.1007/s00223-020-00671-w. Epub 2020 Feb 13.
Effectiveness of exercise on bone mass is closely related to the mode of exercise training regimen, as well as the study design. This study aimed to determine the effect of different modes of exercise training on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) in older postmenopausal women (PMW). PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases and reference lists of included studies were searched up until March 25, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness of various modes of exercise training in PMW. Sixteen RCTs with 1624 subjects were included. Our study found no significant change in both lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD following exercise training (MD: 0.01 g/cm; 95% confidence interval (CI) [- 0.01, 0.02] and MD: 0.00 g/cm; 95% CI [- 0.01, 0.01], respectively). However, subgroup analysis by type of exercise training revealed that lumbar spine BMD (MD: 0.01; 95% CI [0.00, 0.02]) raised significantly when whole-body vibration (WBV) was employed as intervention compared with RCTs that utilized aerobic (MD: - 0.01; 95% CI [- 0.02, - 0.01]), resistance (MD: 0.01; 95% CI [- 0.04, 0.06]), and combined training (MD: 0.03; 95% CI [- 0.01, 0.08]). On the other hand, lumbar spine BMD (MD: - 0.01; 95% CI [- 0.02, - 0.01]) reduced significantly when aerobic exercise training was used as intervention compared with RCTs that utilized resistance training, combined training, and WBV. By contrast, these analyses did not have significant effect on change in femoral neck BMD. WBV is an effective method to improve lumbar spine BMD in older PMW.
运动对骨量的影响与运动训练方案的模式以及研究设计密切相关。本研究旨在确定不同运动训练模式对绝经后老年女性（PMW）腰椎和股骨颈骨密度（BMD）的影响。检索了 PubMed、CINAHL、Medline、Google Scholar 和 Scopus 数据库以及纳入研究的参考文献列表，以获取评估各种运动训练模式对 PMW 有效性的随机对照试验（RCT），截止日期为 2019 年 3 月 25 日。纳入了 16 项 RCT，共 1624 名受试者。我们的研究发现，运动训练后腰椎和股骨颈 BMD 没有显著变化（MD：0.01g/cm；95%置信区间（CI）[-0.01，0.02]和 MD：0.00g/cm；95%CI[-0.01，0.01]）。然而，按运动训练类型进行的亚组分析显示，与采用有氧运动（MD：-0.01；95%CI[-0.02，-0.01]）、抗阻运动（MD：0.01；95%CI[-0.04，0.06]）和联合训练（MD：0.03；95%CI[-0.01，0.08]）的 RCT 相比，全身振动（WBV）作为干预时腰椎 BMD 显著升高（MD：0.01；95%CI[0.00，0.02]）。另一方面，与采用抗阻运动训练、联合训练和 WBV 的 RCT 相比，有氧运动训练作为干预时腰椎 BMD 显著降低（MD：-0.01；95%CI[-0.02，-0.01]）。相比之下，这些分析对股骨颈 BMD 的变化没有显著影响。WBV 是改善绝经后老年女性腰椎 BMD 的有效方法。
