School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health, York University, 4700 Keele Street, ON, M3J 1P3, Toronto, Canada.
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2024 Dec;22(6):502-514. doi: 10.1007/s11914-024-00882-2. Epub 2024 Sep 13.
To examine evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on how modifiable factors such as exercise and nutrition, with a focus on dairy products, play a role in improving bone health across the lifespan.
Meta-analyses of RCTs demonstrate the advantages of consuming dairy products to improve bone mineral density/content (BMD/BMC) and markers of bone metabolism and turnover (BTMs). Eighteen RCTs were conducted investigating the combined effects of dairy and exercise, with most indicating a benefit in youth and adult populations. Results were less conclusive in older adults, perhaps due to altered requirements for dairy/nutrients and exercise with increased age. RCTs demonstrate that dairy product consumption alone benefits bone health and can enhance the effects of exercise on bone. This may help improve skeletal growth and development in adolescence and prevent osteoporosis with increased age. Future RCTs should account for habitual nutrient intakes, and dairy dosage, timing, and matrix effects.
研究随机对照试验（RCT）中的证据，探讨可改变的因素（如运动和营养，重点是乳制品）如何在整个生命周期中发挥作用，改善骨骼健康。
对 RCT 的荟萃分析表明，食用乳制品可提高骨密度/含量（BMD/BMC）和骨代谢及周转率标志物（BTMs）。有 18 项 RCT 研究了乳制品和运动的综合作用，大多数研究表明对青少年和成年人群有益。但在老年人中的结果不太确定，这可能是由于随着年龄的增长，对乳制品/营养和运动的需求发生了变化。RCT 表明，单独食用乳制品有益于骨骼健康，并能增强运动对骨骼的影响。这有助于改善青春期的骨骼生长和发育，并预防随着年龄增长而导致的骨质疏松症。未来的 RCT 应考虑习惯性营养素摄入以及乳制品的剂量、时间和基质效应。
